Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis in Derivation cohort.
| Exposure | Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 18–29 | Reference | Reference |
| 30–49 | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) | 0.72 (0.63, 0.84)* |
| 50–69 | 1.65 (1.46, 1.86)* | 0.88 (0.77, 1.02) |
| ≥ 70 | 3.03 (2.67, 3.43)* | 1.07 (0.92, 1.25) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90)* | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) |
| Race | ||
| Chinese | Reference | Reference |
| Malay | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.98)* |
| Indian | 0.69 (0.61, 0.78)* | 0.77 (0.67, 0.89)* |
| Others | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32)* |
| ASA-PS | ||
| ASA1 | Reference | Reference |
| ASA 2 | 1.82 (1.64, 2.03)* | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) |
| ASA 3 | 5.19 (4.66, 5.78)* | 1.61 (1.41, 1.85)* |
| ASA 4–6 | 9.92 (8.52, 11.54)* | 1.96 (1.63, 2.37)* |
| Cerebrovascular accidents | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.92, 1.19) |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.92 (1.75, 2.12)* | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) |
| Congestive heart failure | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) |
| Diabetes mellitus on insulin | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.90 (1.63, 2.21)* | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) |
| Grade of kidney disease | ||
| G1 | Reference | Reference |
| G2 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96)* | 0.89 (0.82, 0.96)* |
| G3 | 2.28 (2.06, 2.53)* | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) |
| G4-5 | 3.00 (2.67, 3.37)* | 0.83 (0.71, 0.96)* |
| Type of anesthesia | ||
| General anesthesia | Reference | Reference |
| Regional/spinal anesthesia | 0.59 (0.54, 0.66)* | 0.45 (0.40, 0.50)* |
| Priority of surgery | ||
| Elective | Reference | Reference |
| Emergency | 1.42 (1.33, 1.53)* | 1.17 (1.08, 1.28)* |
| Surgery risk | ||
| Low | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 7.15 (6.49, 7.88)* | 6.21 (5.61, 6.87)* |
| High | 27.62 (24.58, 31.03)* | 19.62 (17.28, 22.28)* |
| 18 level variables | ||
| 0-Normal RDW, No anemia, Normal MCV | Reference | Reference |
| 1-High RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, High MCV | 29.97 (20.16, 44.55)* | 30.92 (19.54, 48.90)* |
| 2-High RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, Low MCV | 14.45 (12.92, 16.17)* | 13.63 (12.04, 15.42)* |
| 3-High RDW, Mild anemia, High MCV | 5.23 (1.57, 17.39)* | 4.57 (1.31, 16.01)* |
| 4-High RDW, Mild anemia, Low MCV | 2.44 (2.17, 2.76)* | 2.38 (2.08, 2.72)* |
| 5-Normal RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, High MCV | 13.71 (9.54, 19.70)* | 10.72 (7.16, 16.05)* |
| 6-Normal RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, Low MCV | 7.77 (6.32, 9.55)* | 7.99 (6.39, 9.99)* |
| 7-Normal RDW, Mild anemia, High MCV | 5.25 (3.42, 8.07)* | 3.58 (2.28, 5.62)* |
| 8-Normal RDW, Mild anemia, Low MCV | 2.19 (1.65, 2.91)* | 2.11 (1.58, 2.82)* |
| 9-High RDW, No anemia, High MCV | 11.95 (3.93, 36.36)* | 8.44 (2.63, 27.15)* |
| 10-High RDW, No anemia, Low MCV | 1.15 (0.74, 1.80) | 1.11 (0.70, 1.75) |
| 11-Normal RDW, No anemia, High MCV | 2.03 (1.33, 3.10)* | 1.74 (1.13, 2.70)* |
| 12-Normal RDW, No anemia, Low MCV | 0.99 (0.71, 1.38) | 1.08 (0.77, 1.51) |
| 13-High RDW, No anemia, Normal MCV | 2.50 (1.78, 3.50)* | 1.87 (1.32, 2.65)* |
| 14-High RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, Normal MCV | 19.92 (17.50, 22.68)* | 14.52 (12.52, 16.84)* |
| 15-High RDW, Mild anemia, Normal MCV | 5.56 (4.35, 7.09)* | 3.73 (2.88, 4.83)* |
| 16-Normal RDW, Mod/Severe anemia, Normal MCV | 13.09 (11.90, 14.40)* | 10.83 (9.69, 12.10)* |
| 17-Normal RDW, Mild anemia, Normal MCV | 3.45 (3.10, 3.83)* | 2.78 (2.49, 3.11)* |
*Indicated p < 0.05.