Table 3.

Refractive outcomes in the short eyes (n = 78)

Formula	Optimized constant	MPE ± SD (D)	MedAE (D)	MAE (D)	MaxAE (D)	PE (%) <
						0.25 D	0.50 D	0.75 D	1.00 D
New formulas
B II	2.00	0.09 ± 0.418	0.31	0.35	1.01	38.5	70.5	93.6	98.7
BTAL	1.97	−0.07 ± 0.396	0.30	0.33	0.86	42.3	71.8	97.4	100.0
EVO	119.12	−0.11 ± 0.383	0.28	0.33	0.87	41.0	76.9	97.4	100.0
Hill-RBFa	119.22	0.18 ± 0.418	0.32	0.38	1.14	34.6	71.8	92.3	97.4
Hoffer QST	5.72	−0.00 ± 0.411	0.34	0.36	0.95	41.0	74.4	96.2	100.0
HOL2	5.65	−0.15 ± 0.437	0.36	0.38	1.09	34.6	68.0	92.3	97.4
HOL2-NLR	5.64	−0.11 ± 0.437	0.35	0.38	1.13	30.8	70.5	94.9	97.4
K6	119.22	0.09 ± 0.376	0.26	0.31	1.02	47.4	79.5	96.2	98.7
Kane	119.19	0.02 ± 0.422	0.35	0.36	1.03	37.2	69.2	96.2	98.7
Olsen	4.74	0.04 ± 0.383	0.28	0.32	0.88	42.3	79.5	94.9	100.0
P-DGS	118.60	−0.04 ± 0.377	0.27	0.32	0.86	47.4	80.8	97.4	100.0
T2	119.24	−0.02 ± 0.428	0.34	0.36	0.92	35.9	71.8	93.6	100.0
VRF	5.70	−0.06 ± 0.428	0.33	0.36	1.04	37.2	73.1	94.9	98.7
Traditional formulas
Haigis	b	0.05 ± 0.462	0.36	0.38	1.10	38.5	66.7	91.0	98.7
Hoffer Q	5.75	−0.08 ± 0.461	0.37	0.38	0.94	38.5	66.7	85.9	100.0
Holladay 1	1.98	0.02 ± 0.434	0.33	0.37	0.93	35.9	71.7	94.9	100.0
SRK/T	119.25	−0.02 ± 0.453	0.31	0.37	1.02	39.7	70.5	88.5	98.7

B II = Barrett Universal II; BTAL = Barrett True Axial Length; EVO = Emmetropia Verifying Optical; HOL2 = Holladay 2; HOL2-NLR = Holladay 2 with the nonlinear regression; MAE = mean absolute error; MaxAE = maximal absolute error; MedAE = median absolute error; MPE = mean prediction error; P-DGS = PEARL-DGS; PE = prediction error

^aOnly 71 eyes were measured, with 7 eyes out of bounds of the pattern recognition grid

^bHaigis constants (a0 = 0.623, a1 = 0.323, and a2 = 0.149)