TABLE 3. Impact of Different Fasting Instructions on Patients' Satisfaction, Fasting Times, Gastric Visibility, and Patients' Comforta.
| CG (n = 67) | IG (n = 42) | Mean Difference (95%CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients' satisfaction | ||||
| Care to prepare for endoscopy | 8.7 ± 1.0 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 0.56 (0.103 to 1.030) | .017 |
| Outpatient clinic | 8.7 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 0.05 (−0.481 to 0.378) | .811 |
| Overall | 8.6 ± 0.9 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 0.06 (−0.468 to 0.356) | .786 |
| Fasting times (hh:mm) | ||||
| From solid foods | 12:56 ± 3:09 | 9:31 ± 3:01 | 3:14 (2:05 to 4:24) | <.000 |
| Morning session | 13:18 ± 2:08 | 9:48 ± 2:39 | 3:20 (2:19 to 4:20) | <.000 |
| Afternoon session | 10:34 ± 6:30 | 7:43 ± 3:39 | 2:51 (−2:32 to 8:14) | .274 |
| From clear liquids | 10:26 ± 3:26 | 5:03 ± 3:46 | 5:22 (3:57 to 6:46) | <.000 |
| Morning session | 10:35 ± 3:03 | 4:57 ± 3:42 | 5:38 (4:06 to 7:09) | <.000 |
| Afternoon session | 9:29 ± 5:29 | 5:25 ± 4:12 | 244 (−0:50 to 8:57) | .096 |
| Mucosal Visibility Score (MVS)b | ||||
| Lower esophagus | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.304 (−0.085 to 0.694) | .125 |
| Corpus | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 0.573 (0.222 to 0.925) | .002 |
| Antrum | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 0.563 (0.198 to 0. 927) | .003 |
| Fundus | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.527 (0.171 to 0.883) | .004 |
| Total MVS | 8.7 ± 3.4 | 6.8 ± 2.4 | 1.92 (0.831 to 3.013) | .001 |
| Judge ability | ||||
| Lower esophagus | 7.0 ± 2.3 | 8.4 ± 1.3 | −1.3 (−2.2 to −0.6) | <.000 |
| Corpus | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | −1.7 (-2.5 to −0.9) | <.000 |
| Antrum | 7.5 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 1.4 | −1.5 (−2.2 to −0.8) | <.000 |
| Fundus | 7.4 ± 2.4 | 9.1 ± 0.9 | −1.2 (−1.9 to −0.5) | .001 |
| Presence of gastric residue | 63 (96) | 35 (85) | 10.1 (−1.9 to 22.1) | .070 |
| Gastric residual volume (ml) | 58 ± 50 | 31 ± 26 | 27.0 (9.1 to 45.0) | .003 |
| Need to flush | 42 (64) | 15 (37) | 27.0 (8.4 to 45.6) | .006 |
| Flushing volume (ml) | 72 ± 44 | 48 ± 23 | 24.7 (0.9 to 48.5) | .042 |
| Symptoms of discomfort | ||||
| Nausea | 18 (27) | 10 (24) | n/a | .320 |
| Vomiting | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | n/a | .033 |
| Thirst | 43 (64) | 25 (59) | n/a | .001 |
| Hunger | 35 (52) | 19 (45) | n/a | .004 |
| Headache | 19 (28) | 6 (14) | n/a | .004 |
| Weakness | 16 (24) | 7 (17) | n/a | .077 |
| Anxiety | 28 (42) | 13 (31) | n/a | .008 |
Note. CG = control group; CI = confidence interval; IG = intervention group.
aContinuous data are presented as mean ±SD. Categorical data are presented as n (%). Values in boldface are significant.
bMVS scores ranges from 1 to 4: (1) No adherent mucus and clear view of the mucosa; (2) a thin coating of mucus that did not obscure view of the mucosa; (3) some mucus/bubbles partially obscuring view of the mucosa (a small mucosal lesion might be missed without flushing); and (4) heavy mucus/bubbles obscuring view of the mucosa (a small mucosal lesion could easily be missed without flushing). Total MVS (TMVS) are sum scores ranging from 4 to 16.