TABLE 5.

Facilitators and perceived value of pharmacogenetic testing services targeted to underserved patient populations.

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT)	Partnership Health Center (PHC)	Shodair Children’s Hospital (Shodair)
“I do think [pharmacogenetic testing] has a place, particularly … for management of depression. My thoughts going forward is that I think it’s a great opportunity. It’s like all technology gets cheaper the longer we use it. If we can really dial in what it takes to get a chronic disease under control, whether it’s diabetes or treat their colon cancer, I think it will be well received… I also think if you can really tailor medical therapy to be effective and, of course, we’re going to improve health outcomes, which makes a lower cost of care, and less unexpected interactions within the medical system.”—CSKT02, Physician	“Providing information about which test to order, to me, is [very] valuable because there’s a lot of tests out there. And it’s unclear to me which are most evidence-based, which are validated, and which provide clinically valuable information. If I’m going to order a [pharmacogenetic] test, I want to know what to do with those results. And I want that knowledge to enable me to make a decision that I wouldn’t have been able to make otherwise or wouldn’t have felt as good about making without that information.”—PHC05, Administrator/Physician	“Ideally, you see maybe a faster time to effective dose or maybe less trials before you get to a treatment that works really well. Those would be good outcomes. Maybe you could even look at hospital days [length of stay] That would be cool. I think those are the kinds of things that then you’re talking people’s language because you’re saving money.”—Shodair04, Genetic Counselor
“I’m all for minimizing medicine [polypharmacy] as best we can… That’s kind of my end goal as a pharmacist.”—CSKT05, Pharmacist	“The providers have to buy into it, that this would help make their practice better, enhance their practice, and see the benefit of how it would -- and then the rest of us could get onboard.”—PHC04, Administrator	“I think rather than an entire [pharmacogenetics] report—because based on the ones I’ve seen previously and I’m sure this [new service] is a different test—that could end up being quite a stack of paper with all the recommendations. So I would like to see the recommendations first [and then details]. Of course, it would be nice if [pharmacogenetic test results] could just be uploaded into [the EHR]. I think that would make it easy for everyone to access.”—Shodair09, Physician