Table 1.
Distribution of covariates in the analytic sample and by categorical pre-pandemic psychological resilience groups (n = 16,900)
| Pre-pandemic psychological resilience | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full Sample | Higher trauma, unfavorable psych health, n = 2787, 16.5% | Lower trauma, unfavorable psych health, n = 1274, 7.5% | Higher trauma, adequate psych health, n = 1314, 7.8% | Lower trauma, adequate psych health, n = 1026, 6.1% |
Higher trauma, favorable psych health, n = 5132, 30.4% | Lower trauma, favorable psych health, n = 5367, 31.8% | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 66.3 (4.5) | 66.0 (4.5) | 65.9 (4.6) | 66.7 (4.4) | 66.3 (4.3) | 66.5 (4.4) | 66.4 (4.5)*** |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 16,217 (96.0) | 2689 (96.5) | 1231 (96.6) | 1261 (96.0) | 984 (95.9) | 5151 (96.0) | 4900 (95.5) |
| Non-White | 501 (3.0) | 74 (2.6) | 30 (2.3) | 42 (3.2) | 27 (2.6) | 159 (3.0) | 170 (3.3) |
| Parental education | |||||||
| High school or less | 7832 (46.3) | 1295 (46.5) | 617 (48.4) | 648 (49.3) | 514 (50.1) | 2396 (44.6) | 2368 (46.1)** |
| 1–3 Years of college | 3931 (23.3) | 640 (23.0) | 292 (22.9) | 285 (21.7) | 229 (22.3) | 1295 (24.1) | 1187 (23.1) |
| 4 Years of college plus | 4105 (24.3) | 205 (7.3) | 77 (6.0) | 93 (7.1) | 50 (4.9) | 334 (6.2) | 276 (5.4) |
| Median household income | |||||||
| Quartile 1 | 4215 (24.9) | 780 (28.0) | 321 (25.2) | 339 (25.8) | 240 (23.4) | 1343 (25.0) | 1187 (23.1)** |
| Quartile 2 | 4209 (24.9) | 708 (25.4) | 326 (25.6) | 359 (27.3) | 254 (24.8) | 1316 (24.5) | 1245 (24.3) |
| Quartile 3 | 4248 (25.1) | 679 (24.4) | 312 (24.5) | 324 (24.7) | 276 (26.9) | 1,343 (25.0) | 1321 (25.7) |
| Quartile 4 | 4,200 (24.9) | 617 (22.1) | 311 (24.4) | 289 (22.0) | 253 (24.7) | 1356 (25.3) | 1371 (26.7) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 12,718 (75.3) | 1837 (65.9) | 878 (68.9) | 901 (68.5) | 722 (70.4) | 4186 (78.0) | 4198 (81.8)*** |
| Separated/divorced | 2132 (12.6) | 528 (18.9) | 174 (13.7) | 209 (15.9) | 135 (13.2) | 640 (11.9) | 446 (8.7) |
| Widowed | 1109 (6.6) | 223 (8.0) | 117 (9.2) | 108 (8.2) | 79 (7.7) | 321 (6.0) | 262 (5.1) |
| Single | 838 (5.0) | 176 (6.3) | 99 (7.7) | 84 (6.4) | 84 (8.2) | 192 (3.6) | 198 (3.9) |
| Any chronic conditions | 2450 (14.5) | 461 (16.5) | 158 (12.4) | 222 (16.9) | 113 (11.1) | 859 (16.0) | 633 (12.3)*** |
| Living arrangement | |||||||
| With others | 13,991 (82.8) | 2127 (76.3) | 984 (77.2) | 1023 (77.9) | 826 (80.5) | 4578 (85.3) | 4450 (86.7)*** |
| Alone | 2601 (15.4) | 587 (21.1) | 262 (20.6) | 255 (19.4) | 173 (16.8) | 699 (13.0) | 628 (12.2) |
| Current healthcare worker | 3962 (23.4) | 599 (21.5) | 266 (20.9) | 336 (25.6) | 262 (25.5) | 1315 (24.5) | 1203 (23.4) |
All variables besides age are standardized to the age distribution of the study population. Values of polytomous variables may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Missingness was 1.1% for race/ethnicity, 6.1% for parental education, 0.2% for median census tract household income, 0.6% for marital status, and 1.8% for living arrangement
***p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.10 for ANOVA or Χ2 tests of homogeneity