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. 2022 Sep 28;82(11):16591–16633. doi: 10.1007/s11042-022-13820-0

Fig. 12.

Fig. 12

A plot of the loss reveals distinct properties for the Amsgrad optimizer with its style of convergence by ensmallen visualization tool, where the steps that the optimizer takes plotted in red. The global minimum is (1, 3) and the optimizer minimum is (1.024, 2.975) [28]