Table 2.

PI3K/AKT pathway in cardiac hypertrophy

Drugs or supplements	Animal or human study & doses	Cell line	Dose	Targets/ main pathways	Conclusion	References
RESV	SD Rats; 30 mg/kg, Daily, 5 weeks, Gavage	–	–	LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, p62, Bcl-2, Bax; PI3K/AKT, mTOR	RESV by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can defend chronic intermittent hypoxia-associated cardiac hypertrophy	[60]
QDG	C57BL/6 mice; 1.145 g/kg/day, Orally, for 2 weeks	H9c2	0.05 mg/mL	ANP, BNP, Cyt-c, Bax, Bcl-2; PI3K/AKT	QDG by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway could reduce Ang II-induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and apoptosis	[61]
Isorhamnetin	SD Rats; 100 mg/kg, Daily, after Aortic banding (AB) surgery, for 8 weeks, with vehicle	NRCMs	5–100 μM	GSK-3β, eIF-4E, P70S6K; PI3K/AKT, mTOR	Isorhamnetin through blocking PI3K/AKT pathway could protect against cardiac hypertrophy	[62]