Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic indicators to predict overall survival and disease-free survival for rectal cancer patients

	Overall survival				Disease-free survival
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate		Multivariate
Covariate	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Gender (female vs. male)	0.616–1.463	0.815	–	–	0.474–1.147	0.177	–	–
Age (≦ 65 y/o vs. > 65 y/o)	0.823–1.958	0.280	–	–	0.995–2.377	0.053	–	–
Tumor Grade (G1/2 vs.G3)	0.428–2.238	0.958	–	–	0.476–2.518	0.831	–	–
LVI (negative vs. positive)	0.388–3.998	0.713	–	–	0.151–1.887	0.329	–	–
PNI (negative vs. positive)	0.573–1.723	0.983	–	–	0.618–1.846	0.813	–	–
Tumor stage (ypT) (T1-2 vs. T3)	0.874–1.220	0.705	–	–	0.870–1.209	0.763	–	–
Lymph node stage (ypN) (N0 vs. N1–2)	2.139–29.707	0.002*	2.775–24.58	< 0.001*	0.331–5.604	0.668	–	–
Metastasis status (ypM)	2.685–15.666	< 0.001*	3.166–17.255	< 0.001*	1.607–8.836	0.002*	1.765–6.643	< 0.001*
Pathologic stage (stage 0–II vs. III)	1.51–18.18	0.009*	1.862–18.868	0.003*	0.134–1.629	0.233	–	–
TRS (0–1 vs. 2–3)	0.563–1.557	0.800	–	–	0.591–1.595	0.907	–	–
Pre-CCRT SPINK1 (low vs. high)	1.074–1.937	0.015*	1.144–1.926	0.003*	1.204–2.154	0.001*	1.131–1.919	0.004*
Post-CCRT SPINK1 (low vs. high)	0.872–1.414	0.396	–	–	0.956–1.506	0.105	–	–

CI confidence interval, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PNI perineural invasion, TRS tumor regression score

*p < 0.05