Table 2.

Longitudinal analysis of malaria parasitism among the Kanyawara chimpanzees.

Parametera	Estimate	Std Err	z	P-value
Intercept	−13.2	3.17	−4.17	<0.0001
Ecological
Mean ambient temperature	0.834	0.174	4.80	<0.0001
(Mean ambient temperature)2	NSb	NSb	NSb	NSb
Intra-day temperature variation	−0.466	0.085	−5.48	<0.0001
Precipitation	−0.096	0.035	−2.75	0.006
Demographic
Age	−26.5	4.63	−5.73	<0.0001
(Age)2	15.4	4.45	3.47	0.0005
Sex (male)	0.073	0.319	0.23	0.819

^aOutput of longitudinal GLMM corresponding to the probability ape malaria parasite infection relative to ecological and demographic predictor variables of interest. Model based upon 878 fecal samples collected longitudinally from 54 individual wild chimpanzees of the Kanyawara cohort in western Uganda. Note that predictor variables were scaled to augment model convergence. All samples in the longitudinal analysis of the Kanyawara cohort were screened eight times for malaria parasites using an intensified SGA methodology, as described previously^3,4,7. See “Methods” for model specification details.

^bMean ambient temperature² did not improve the fit of the longitudinal GLMM and was, therefore, omitted from the final, most parsimonious, model.