Table 3.

Ecological modeling of malaria parasitism among chimpanzee hosts.

Parametera	Estimate	Std Err	z	P-value
Intercept	−2.54	0.338	−7.50	<0.0001
Ecological
Mean ambient temperature	0.355	0.127	2.79	0.005
(Mean ambient temperature)2	−0.164	0.063	−2.60	0.009
Intra-day temperature variation	0.208	0.099	2.09	0.036
Precipitation	NSb	NSb	NSb	NSb
Percent forest cover	0.032	0.010	3.20	0.001
Technical
Number of replicates (8)c	1.164	0.500	2.33	0.020

^aOutput of pan-African GLMM corresponding to the probability ape malaria parasite infection relative to ecological predictor variables of interest. Model was based upon 2436 fecal samples collected at 55 sampling sites in wild chimpanzee habitat across equatorial Africa. Note that predictor variables were scaled to augment model convergence. See “Methods” for model specification details.

^bPrecipitation did not improve the fit of the longitudinal GLMM and was, therefore, omitted from the final, most parsimonious, model.

^cSamples in the pan-African analysis were screened either in either one or eight replicates.