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. 2022 Sep 27;12:16139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20720-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a–d) Reconstructed bone injuries. (a and b) The injuries to the left humerus (A1) and the 11th vertebral body (A2). (A1) and (B1) show a kerf in the upper third of the left ventro-lateral humeral diaphysis. The defect, which runs transversely to the longitudinal axis, is 4.9 mm long and shows a V-shaped profile. (A2) and (B2) show the 11th thoracic vertebra which bears a slit-like ventral defect measuring approx. 6 mm in length. The micro-CT images show a terraced depression with small hairline cracks on the left side of the defect (B2); in the transverse section (B3) the lesion in the vertebral body reaches a depth of approx. 3 mm. (c and d) Defect on the left scapula. The bone is dissected by a hard tissue defect approx. 120 mm long with bevelled edges (D1). A crescent-shaped defect is visible above the inferior angle of the scapula (D2). The bone surface appears peeled in some areas (D3) (photos: N. Nicklisch, G. Schulz, (a) Background: A. Ciprian/Shutterstock.com modified by N. Nicklisch, (c) Background: SciePro/Shutterstock.com modified by N. Nicklisch).