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. 2022 Sep 27;12:16112. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19729-w

Table 5.

Raw uncontrolled mean scores and effect sizes of nocebo information condition and empathy condition on all outcomes.

N Nocebo information Added empathy
Without (−) With (+) Effect size* Without (−) With (+) Effect size*
M (SD) M (SD) (d) M (SD) M (SD) (d)
Anxiety (Stai_state) (pre-post-video difference score) (possible range: − 30 to 30) 160 14.35 (8.61) 15.80 (7.78) 0.18 15.28 (8.81) 14.86 (7.61) − 0.05
Anxiety VAS (pre-post video difference score) (possible range: − 100 to 100) 160 49.44 (35.07) 52.40 (34.19) 0.09 51.46 (35.49) 50.37 (33.79) − 0.031
Probability of specific (possible range: 0–10) 160 7.06 (1.62) 6.81 (1.59) − 0.16 7.34 (1.28) 6.51 (1.79) − 0.53
Intensity of specific (possible range: 0–10) 159 6.36 (1.88) 6.49 (1.84) 0.07 6.86 (1.66) 5.97 (1.94) − 0.49
Coping of specific (possible range: 0–10) 159 5.08 (1.78) 5.83 (1.94) 0.40 5.37 (1.85) 5.55 (1.95) 0.09
Probability of non-specific (possible range: 0–10) 160 4.11 (2.48) 3.93 (2.71) − 0.07 4.44 (2.66) 3.59 (2.46) − 0.33
Intensity of non-specific (possible range: 0–10) 159 3.81 (2.49) 4.00 (2.81) 0.07 4.42 (2.67) 3.36 (2.53) − 0.41
Coping of non-specific (possible range: 0–10) 159 4.80 (1.88) 5.20 (2.27) 0.19 4.68 (1.98) 5.33 (2.16) 0.32
Probability of partial (possible range: 0–10) 160 4.55 (2.46) 4.79 (2.40) 0.11 5.07 (2.48) 4.26 (2.30) − 0.34
Intensity of partial (possible range: 0–10) 159 4.30 (2.38)^ 4.64 (2.48) 0.14 4.92 (2.45) 4.01 (2.33) − 0.38
Coping of partial (possible range: 0–10) 159 5.08 (1.76) 5.54 (1.93) 0.25 5.15 (1.74 5.49 (1.97) 0–18
Satisfaction VAS (possible range: 0–10) 159 7.62 (1.86) 7.48 (1.86) 0.08 7.09 (2.00) 8.03 (1.55) 0.52
Trust (possible range: 0–10) 159 7.87 (1.73) 7.75 (1.67) − 0.07 7.40 (1.93) 8.24 (1.30) 0.52
Self-efficacy (possible range: 0–10) 159 6.52 (2.01) 6.31 (1.91) − 0.11 5.81 (1.93) 7.04 (1.78) 0.66

*Effect sizes are positive when the condition (with vs. without) has a positive effect. The effect sizes are uncontrolled.