Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by parity categories.
| Total | 0 | 1–2 | 3–4 | ≥5 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3,454 | n = 620 | n = 1,357 | n = 1,004 | n = 473 | ||
| Age, years | 62 (10) | 60 (11) | 60 (10) | 63 (10) | 68 (9) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1,320 (38%) | 311 (50%) | 541 (40%) | 362 (36%) | 106 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Chinese-American | 412 (12%) | 39 (6%) | 177 (13%) | 145 (14%) | 51 (11%) | |
| Black | 971 (28%) | 191 (31%) | 413 (30%) | 248 (25%) | 119 (25%) | |
| Hispanic | 751 (22%) | 79 (13%) | 226 (17%) | 249 (25%) | 197 (42%) | |
| Education | ||||||
| ≥ bachelor's degree | 1,029 (30%) | 315 (51%) | 451 (33%) | 235 (23%) | 28 (6%) | <0.001 |
| < bachelor's degree | 2,425 (70%) | 305 (49%) | 906 (67%) | 769 (77%) | 445 (94%) | |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 2,040 (59%) | 328 (53%) | 754 (56%) | 641 (64%) | 317 (67%) | <0.001 |
| Former | 1,013 (29%) | 214 (35%) | 425 (31%) | 267 (27%) | 107 (23%) | |
| Current | 401 (12%) | 78 (13%) | 178 (13%) | 96 (10%) | 49 (10%) | |
| *Pack-years of smoking, if >0 | 14 (5, 29) | 15 (7, 29) | 14 (5, 28) | 14 (6, 32) | 11 (5, 31) | 0.66 |
| Physical activity, MET-min/weeks | 3,720 (1,832, 6,810) | 3,949 (2,010, 6,319) | 3,720 (1,875, 6,878) | 3,893 (1,983, 7,241) | 2,745 (1,118, 6,090) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (6) | 28 (6) | 28 (6) | 29 (6) | 30 (6) | <0.001 |
| Menopause | ||||||
| Yes | 2,961 (86%) | 491 (79%) | 1,124 (83%) | 895 (89%) | 451 (95%) | <0.001 |
| No | 493 (14%) | 129 (21%) | 233 (17%) | 109 (11%) | 22 (5%) | |
| Hormone therapy † | ||||||
| Yes | 986 (32%) | 179 (33%) | 415 (35%) | 298 (32%) | 94 (21%) | <0.001 |
| No | 2,129 (68%) | 357 (67%) | 786 (65%) | 631 (68%) | 355 (79%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 127 (23) | 124 (23) | 125 (23) | 128 (23) | 134 (24) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 200 (36) | 200 (34) | 200 (36) | 199 (35) | 199 (37) | 0.99 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 56 (15) | 59 (16) | 57 (15) | 55 (15) | 53 (13) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 389 (11%) | 46 (7%) | 146 (11%) | 118 (12%) | 79 (17%) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 1,308 (38%) | 196 (32%) | 498 (37%) | 400 (40%) | 214 (45%) | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication | 565 (16%) | 82 (13%) | 231 (17%) | 172 (17%) | 80 (17%) | 0.14 |
| NSAIDS excluding Aspirin | 740 (21%) | 143 (23%) | 308 (23%) | 194 (19%) | 95 (20%) | 0.14 |
| Aspirin‡ | 550 (17%) | 95 (16%) | 187 (14%) | 178 (18%) | 90 (20%) | 0.02 |
| GlycA, umol/L | 390 (351, 435) | 383 (344, 424) | 393 (351, 439) | 391 (352, 436) | 390 (355, 434) | <0.01 |
| CRP, mg/L | 2.5 (1.0, 5.6) | 2.1 (0.9, 4.5) | 2.6 (1.0, 6.0) | 2.6 (1.1, 5.6) | 3.0 (1.3, 5.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 1.3 (0.8, 1.9) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.3) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dl | 352 (308, 403) | 347 (305, 402) | 346 (300, 398) | 358 (313, 406) | 368 (327, 412) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer, μg/ml | 0.2 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CRP, c-reactive protein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IL-6, interleukin-6; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Data were presented as mean (SD), median (IQR) or number (percentage).
*N = 3,422 for pack-years of smoking; †N = 3,115 for hormone therapy; ‡N = 3,300 for Aspirin.