Table 4.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting, and analgesics profile.
| Variables | Before IPTW | After IPTW | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional DIEP(N = 185) | Robotic DIEP(N = 19) | P–value | Conventional DIEP(N = 186) | Robotic DIEP(N = 21) | P–value | ||
| Fentanyl amounts in PCA, µg | 1051 ± 483 | 853 ± 184 | 0.001* | 1051 ± 490 | 851 ± 195 | 0.003* | |
| Additional fentanyl in PACU, µg | 13 ± 23 | 20 ± 28 | 0.211 | 13 ± 23 | 16 ± 26 | 0.614 | |
| Patients receiving paracetamol | |||||||
| PO 0-6 hr | 7 (4) | 1 (5) | 0.549 | 7 (4) | 1 (5) | 0.829 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 46 (25) | 8 (42) | 0.177 | 46 (25) | 8 (38) | 0.246 | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 52 (28) | 6 (32) | 0.958 | 52 (28) | 6 (30) | 0.880 | |
| Patients receiving ketorolac | |||||||
| PO 0-6 hr | 179 (97) | 19 (100) | >.999 | 180 (97) | 21 (100) | 0.411 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 181 (98) | 19 (100) | >.999 | 182 (98) | 21 (100) | 0.500 | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 166 (90) | 19 (100) | 0.227 | 167 (90) | 21 (100) | 0.135 | |
| Patients receiving tridol | |||||||
| PO 0-6 hr | 1 (1) | 1 (5) | 0.178 | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | 0.170 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 40 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.028* | 40 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.023* | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 30 (16) | 4 (21) | 0.530 | 30 (16) | 5 (24) | 0.447 | |
| Patients receiving pethidine HCL | |||||||
| PO 0-6 hr | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | >.999 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.737 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 13 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.616 | 13 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.221 | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 8 (4) | 0 (0) | >.999 | 8 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.341 | |
| Patients who PONV were experienced | |||||||
| PACU | 31 (17) | 2 (11) | 0.745 | 31 (17) | 2 (9) | 0.338 | |
| PO 0-6 hr | 107 (58) | 12 (63) | 0.839 | 108 (58) | 13 (61) | 0.824 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 87 (47) | 9 (47) | >.999 | 87 (47) | 10 (46) | 0.920 | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 49 (27) | 6 (32) | 0.838 | 49 (27) | 7 (32) | 0.641 | |
| Patients receiving antiemetics | |||||||
| PACU | 31 (17) | 2 (11) | 0.745 | 31 (17) | 2 (9) | 0.335 | |
| PO 0-6 hr | 17 (9) | 2 (11) | 0.692 | 17 (9) | 3 (14) | 0.516 | |
| PO 6-24 hr | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | >.999 | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.409 | |
| PO 24-48 hr | 5 (3) | 1 (5) | 0.448 | 5 (3) | 1 (4) | 0.786 | |
Values are mean ± SD or number (%) of patients. *P < 0.05.
DIEP, deep inferior epigastric artery perforator; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; PO, postoperative; PCA, patient controlled analgesia; IPTW, Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting.