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. 2022 Sep 14;13:972590. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.972590

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Copyright © 2022 Maher, D'Souza, Zeng, Barnett, Kavehei, Nikpour and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplots of the mean difference in TW-TM for each whole brain tract. The asterisks indicate the tracts where the mean TW-TM difference between the two groups was significant at p < 0.05. Notable results that support the hypothesis include the significantly higher mean TW-ADC and TW-RD in the striatal and thalamic tracts (STFO, STOCC, STPAR, STPOSTC, STPREC, STPREF, STPREM, TOCC, TPOSTC, TPREC, TPREF, and TPREM), and the corpus callosum (CC) of the “All patients” group compared to controls. Compared to controls, the “All patients” groups also showed higher TW-ADC and TW-RD in the anterior and superior thalamic radiations (ATR, STR), corticospinal tract (CST), and fronto-pontine (FPT). Compared to controls, the “All patients” groups displayed higher TW-AD in the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, and lower TW-FA in the uncinate fasciculus (UF).