Figure 3.

Luteolin inhibits the aqueous extract PM2.5-induced ICAM-1 production. H460 cells were pretreated with luteolin (0, 7.5, 15, or 30 µM) for 1 h and then stimulated with PM2.5 (100 µg/ml) for 24 h. ELISA was used to detect ICAM-1 production. Cells without PM2.5 stimulation and luteolin treatment were used as the control group (mock). Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± SEM of the experiments (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05, significant compared to the mock group; ^#P < 0.05, significant compared to the PM2.5-exposed cells without luteolin treatment.