Table 1. Baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic findings of all patients.
| Characteristics | Patients without incident MACEs (n=396) | Patients with incident MACEs (n=87) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 58.0 (53.0–63.0) | 65.0 (61.0–68.0) | <0.001 | |
| Sex, male | 171 (43.2) | 64 (73.6) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 (25.8–32.6) | 28.4 (25.4–31.4) | 0.370 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 142 (132–151) | 152 (143–159) | <0.001 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82 (72–90) | 86 (75–97) | 0.007 | |
| Heart rate (beat per min) | 76 (69–82) | 76 (69–83) | 0.874 | |
| Risk factors | ||||
| HT | 270 (68.2) | 75 (86.2) | 0.001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 164 (41.4) | 63 (72.4) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 76 (19.2) | 26 (29.9) | 0.027 | |
| Smoking | 172 (43.4) | 41 (47.1) | 0.530 | |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVEF | 61 (60–63) | 61 (60–62) | 0.605 | |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 29.0 (24.2–34.0) | 29.6 (24.4–35.5) | 0.886 | |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 85.5 (72.8–94.9) | 89.3 (81.6–97.6) | 0.063 | |
| Laboratory analysis | ||||
| FBG (mg/d) | 106 (97–126) | 132 (104–165) | <0.001 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.81 (0.74–0.91) | 0.86 (0.77–1.00) | 0.012 | |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 14 (13–18) | 15 (12–20) | 0.777 | |
| AST (U/L) | 20 (17–24) | 19 (16–23) | 0.219 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 21 (16–28) | 20 (15–28) | 0.840 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 134 (114–163) | 142 (122–161) | 0.598 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 43 (38–51) | 41 (35–48) | 0.013 | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 146 (106–202) | 189 (147–289) | <0.001 | |
| TyG index | 8.2 (5.6–11.7) | 12.6 (8.5–21.3) | <0.001 | |
| Hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.00 (0.00–0.30) | 0.00 (0.00–0.30) | 0.645 | |
| Hs-troponin (ng/mL) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.251 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 (5.7–6.5) | 6.5 (6.0–7.1) | <0.001 | |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 0.161 | |
| T4 (ng/dL) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.639 | |
| Long-term MACEs | ||||
| Non-fatal MI | 0 (0.0) | 66 (75.9) | ||
| PCI-ACBG | 0 (0.0) | 83 (95.4) | ||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 0 (0.0) | 18 (20.7) | ||
| Follow-up (mon) | 45 (41–48) | 43 (41–48) | ||
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range), nominal variables are presented as frequency (%).
MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; hs-troponin, high-sensitivity troponin; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ACBG, aortocoronary bypass grafting.