Figure 2.

Outcomes of patients with urinary bladder paraganglioma. A. Factors associated with repeat bladder surgery. B. Factors associated with metachronous metastasis. C. Determinants of disease-specific survival. Abbreviations: Dx, diagnosis; HR, hazard ratio; PPGL, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma; SDHB, Succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor; UBPGL urinary bladder paraganglioma; UNR, upper limit of normal reference range. Hazard ratios and P values were based on univariable Cox analysis. Tumor size was determined based on the largest diameter of the UBPGL on histopathology or imaging (in patients not treated by surgery). UBPGL was considered multinodular when multiple distinct bladder PGL lesions were present. In patients with multinodular UBPGL, tumor size was defined as the largest diameter among all the nodules.