Table 3.
Clinical and analytical characteristics of the GDM women at the 4-year postpartum evaluation
| Normal glucose tolerance (n = 54) | Abnormal glucose tolerance (n = 25) | P value | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 33.08 ± 4.16 | 33.48 ± 3.33 | .667 | 0.102 |
| Pregestational BMI (kg/m2) | 25.09 ± 5.20 | 29.47 ± 6.48 | .002 | 0.778 |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 8.53 ± 5.03 | 7.46 ± 5.49 | .402 | -0.207 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3.250 ± 443 | 3.091 ± 557 | .184 | -0.330 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.63 ± 0.56 | 5.0 ± 0.73 | .018 | 0.596 |
| 60-min glucose after 100-g OGTT (mmol/L) | 11.50 ± 1.61 | 11.52 ± 1.58 | .954 | 0.014 |
| 120-min glucose after 100 g OGTT (mmol/L) | 10.25 ± 1.10 | 10.43 ± 1.04 | .519 | 0.159 |
| 180-min glucose after 100-g OGTT (mmol/L) | 7.67 ± 2.10 | 7.98 ± 2.66 | .580 | 0.137 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.79 ± 1.27 | 6.01 ± 1.42 | .040 | 0.327 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.84 ± 0.36 | 1.74 ± 0.39 | .360 | -0.572 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.16 ± 0.59 | 2.41 ± 0.86 | .246 | -0.268 |
| BMI at 4 years postpartum (kg/m2) | 24.59 ± 5.05 | 31.39 ± 7.36 | <.001 | 1,150 |
| Weight gain at 4 years postpartum (kg/m2) | -0.59 ± 5.16 | 4.77 ± 6.67 | <.001 | 0.940 |
| BMI gain at 4 years postpartum (kg/m2) | -0.24 ± 2.04 | 1.92 ± 2.85 | <.001 | 0.924 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.