. 2022 Jul 31;107(10):e3990–e4003. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac459

Table 3.

FLP-CGM-derived-metrics during a 24-hour period

Parameter	Subgroup	HbA1c _< 53	HbA1c _53-63	HbA1c _64-74	HbA1c _≥ 75	P value
Whole patient population
Average glucose (mmol/L)		6.84 ± 1.01	8.22 ± 1.29^a	9.92 ± 1.75^a^,^b	12.58 ± 3.08^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
SD (mmol/L)		1.78 ± 0.48	2.17 ± 0.56^a	2.69 ± 0.71^a^,^b	2.88 ± 0.78^a^,^b	<0.001
CV (%)		26.0 ± 5.7	26.4 ± 5.6	27.6 ± 6.9	23.4 ± 5.1^b^,^c	0.005
MAGE (mmol/L)		4.77 ± 1.59	5.83 ± 1.95^a	7.12 ± 2.34^a^,^b	7.54 ± 2.56^a^,^b	<0.001
Age	Years
	<65 (n = 434)	n = 222	n = 151	n = 43	n = 18
	≥65 (n = 565)	n = 278	n = 235	n = 42	n = 10
Average glucose (mmol/L)	<65	6.79 ± 0.96	8.14 ± 1.20^a	9.99 ± 1.83^a^,^b	12.68 ± 3.04^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	6.88 ± 1.05	8.28 ± 1.34^a	9.84 ± 1.69^a^,^b	12.39 ± 3.32^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
SD (mmol/L)	<65	1.72 ± 0.46^d	2.12 ± 0.52^a	2.56 ± 0.54^a^,^b	2.85 ± 0.80^a^,^b	<0.001
	≥65	1.83 ± 0.49	2.20 ± 0.59^a	2.82 ± 0.84^a^,^b	2.95 ± 0.76^a^,^b	<0.001
CV (%)	<65	25.2 ± 5.3^d	26.1 ± 5.3	26.3 ± 6.4	22.6 ± 3.8^b	0.036
	≥65	26.5 ± 5.9	26.7 ± 5.8	28.8 ± 7.3	24.7 ± 6.9	0.087
MAGE (mmol/L)	<65	4.61 ± 1.49	5.80 ± 1.88^a	6.80 ± 1.78^a^,^b	7.59 ± 2.55^a^,^b	<0.001
	≥65	4.89 ± 1.65	5.85 ± 2.00^a	7.46 ± 2.78^a^,^b	7.44 ± 2.71^a	<0.001
Types of antidiabetic agents	Insulin and/or sulfonylureas
	Yes (n = 275)	n = 77	n = 134	n = 46	n = 18
	No (n = 724)	n = 423	n = 252	n = 39	n = 10
Average glucose (mmol/L)	Yes	6.85 ± 1.01	8.30 ± 1.26^a	9.91 ± 1.85^a^,^b	11.86 ± 2.95^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	No	6.84 ± 1.01	8.18 ± 1.30^a	9.93 ± 1.65^a^,^b	13.86 ± 3.04^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
SD (mmol/L)	Yes	1.98 ± 0.53^d	2.40 ± 0.58^a^,^d	2.82 ± 0.71^a^,^b	2.89 ± 0.78^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	1.74 ± 0.46	2.05 ± 0.52^a	2.54 ± 0.69^a^,^b	2.88 ± 0.81^a^,^b	<0.001
CV (%)	Yes	29.1 ± 6.7^d	29.0 ± 5.6^d	29.2 ± 7.5^d	24.8 ± 5.5^b^,^d	0.054
	No	25.4 ± 5.3	25.1 ± 5.1	25.6 ± 5.7	20.7 ± 3.0^a^,^c	0.042
MAGE (mmol/L)	Yes	5.23 ± 1.67^d	6.42 ± 2.20^a^,^d	7.50 ± 2.38^a^,^b	7.50 ± 2.84^a	<0.001
	No	4.69 ± 1.56	5.52 ± 1.73^a	6.68 ± 2.25^a^,^b	7.60 ± 2.09^a^,^b	<0.001
Renal function	eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)
	<60 (n = 227)	n = 114	n = 84	n = 22	n = 7
	≥60 (n = 772)	n = 386	n = 302	n = 63	n = 21
Average glucose (mmol/L)	<60	6.61 ± 0.93^d	8.21 ± 1.28^a	9.87 ± 2.21^a^,^b	12.96 ± 3.58^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥60	6.91 ± 1.02	8.23 ± 1.29^a	9.94 ± 1.58^a^,^b	12.45 ± 2.98^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
SD (mmol/L)	<60	1.77 ± 0.58	2.20 ± 0.58^a	2.89 ± 1.01^a^,^b	2.99 ± 0.88^a^,^b	<0.001
	≥60	1.78 ± 0.45	2.16 ± 0.56^a	2.62 ± 0.56^a^,^b	2.85 ± 0.76^a^,^b	<0.001
CV (%)	<60	26.6 ± 7.2	27.0 ± 5.9	29.7 ± 8.6	23.5 ± 5.6	0.137
	≥60	25.8 ± 5.2	26.3 ± 5.5	26.8 ± 6.1	23.3 ± 5.0	0.042
MAGE (mmol/L)	<60	4.71 ± 1.81	5.94 ± 1.91^a	7.62 ± 2.92^a^,^b	7.79 ± 2.84^a	<0.001
	≥60	4.79 ± 1.52	5.80 ± 1.97^a	6.95 ± 2.10^a^,^b	7.45 ± 2.53^a^,^b	<0.001

Data are mean ± SD or median (Q1-Q3). Differences between the 4 HbA1c groups were tested with 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test for normally distributed parameters. Differences between patients stratified by age, types of antidiabetic agents, or renal function in each HbA1c category were tested with Student t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test as appropriate.

Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation; FLP-CGM, FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring device; HBGI, high blood glucose index; LBGI, low blood glucose index; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions.

^a P < 0.05 vs. HbA1c < ₅₃.

^b P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _53-63.

^c P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _64-74.

^d P < 0.05 between subgroups.