. 2022 Jul 31;107(10):e3990–e4003. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac459

Table 5.

TIR, TBR, and TAR during a 24-h period, daytime, and nighttime in patients stratified by age

Parameter	Years	HbA1c _< 53	HbA1c _53-63	HbA1c _64-74	HbA1c _≥ 75	P value
	<65 (n = 434)	n = 222	n = 151	n = 43	n = 18
	≥65 (n = 565)	n = 278	n = 235	n = 42	n = 10
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%)	<65	92.3 (87.2-95.6)^d	80.3 (69.1-87.1)^a	52.9 (36.1-65.8)^a^,^b	26.7 (6.77-38.4)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	88.5 (82.7-94.7)	76.4 (66.2-86.2)^a	57.4 (41.3-70.6)^a^,^b	32.9 (9.38-52.5)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%)	<65	0.65 (0.00-2.47)	0.00 (0.00-0.78)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.65)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
	≥65	0.78 (0.00-3.78)	0.00 (0.00-1.04)^a	0.00 (0.00-1.04)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%)	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.042
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.13)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.008
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%)	<65	5.21 (2.47-10.9)	18.1 (11.9-30.5)^a	44.8 (32.4-63.9)^a^,^b	72.8 (61.6-93.2)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	6.58 (2.60-14.2)	22.8 (11.3-32.8)^a	41.9 (28.0-50.2)^a^,^b	67.1 (47.5-90.6)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%)	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.39)	1.04 (0.00-3.65)^a	8.85 (3.91-21.5)^a^,^b	26.3 (17.1-60.1)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.65)	1.30 (0.00-4.69)^a	9.64 (3.65-16.15)^a^,^b	21.4 (11.6-41.0)^a^,^b	<0.001
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%), day	<65	91.5 (84.4-95.0)^d	76.9 (63.2-85.1)^a	46.7 (33.3-64.6)^a^,^b	22.9 (6.3-41.2)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	88.7 (80.6-94.1)	71.9 (58.2-84.4)^a	46.3 (36.7-63.2)^a^,^b	28.4 (9.7-37.1)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%), day	<65	0.35 (0.00-2.26)	0.00 (0.00-0.52)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.17)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
	≥65	0.35 (0.00-2.60)	0.00 (0.00-0.52)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.52)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%), day	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.258
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.157
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%), day	<65	6.25 (2.95-13.4)^d	22.1 (13.9-35.9)^a	53.3 (31.8-66.7)^a^,^b	77.1 (58.9-93.8)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	8.51 (3.47-17.7)	27.4 (14.4-41.8)^a	53.5 (36.8-61.1)^a^,^b	71.6 (62.9-90.3)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%), day	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.52)	1.39 (0.00-4.17)^a	10.8 (4.17-21.9)^a^,^b	30.5 (16.9-62.1)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.87)	1.56 (0.00-6.25)^a	11.4 (4.49-21.4)^a^,^b	23.8 (12.2-51.7)^a^,^b	<0.001
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%), night	<65	97.40 (91.7-100.0)	93.2 (81.8-97.9)^a	63.5 (33.3-81.8)^a^,^b^,^d	29.7 (6.77-50.5)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	97.4 (88.5-100.0)	94.3 (84.1-99.5)^a	84.1 (66.7-92.7)^a^,^b	33.9 (9.90-94.8)^a^,^b	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%), night	<65	0.00 (0.00-2.60)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.52)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.52)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
	≥65	0.52 (0.00-7.29)	0.00 (0.00-1.04)^a	0.00 (0.00-3.65)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%), night	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.163
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.048
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%), night	<65	0.00 (0.00-2.60)^d	5.73 (0.00-15.1)^a^,^d	33.9 (10.9-60.8)^a^,^b^,^d	70.3 (49.5-93.2)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.52)	2.08 (0.00-11.5)^a	11.2 (4.17-27.1)^a,b	66.2 (5.21-90.1)^a,b	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%), night	<65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	1.04 (0.00-14.06)^a^,^b	18.5 (5.21-47.4)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
	≥65	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-5.21)^a^,^b	9.11 (0.00-28.7)^a^,^b	<0.001

Data are median (Q1-Q3). Differences between the 4 hemoglobin A1c groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the post hoc Steel-Dwass test. Differences between patients stratified by age in each hemoglobin A1c category were tested with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Abbreviations: TAR, time above range; TBR, time below range; TIR, time in range.

^a P < 0.05 vs. HbA1c < ₅₃.

^b P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _53-63.

^c P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _64-74.

^d P < 0.05 between subgroups.