. 2022 Jul 31;107(10):e3990–e4003. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac459

Table 7.

TIR, TBR, and TAR during a 24-h period, daytime, and nighttime in patients stratified by types of antidiabetic agents

Parameter	Insulin and/or sulfonylureas	HbA1c _< 53	HbA1c _53-63	HbA1c _64-74	HbA1c _≥ 75	P value
	Yes (n = 275)	n = 77	n = 134	n = 46	n = 18
	No (n = 724)	n = 423	n = 252	n = 39	n = 10
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%)	Yes	85.0 (77.5-91.7)^d	74.7 (63.7-82.4)^a^,^d	53.0 (37.0-67.7)^a^,^b	35.1 (19.3-52.5)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	91.2 (84.9-95.4)	82.2 (68.9-88.5)^a	57.4 (36.1-67.6)^a^,^b	17.2 (4.95-27.2)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%)	Yes	2.86 (0.39-8.33)^d	0.52 (0.00-4.04)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-2.86)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.52 (0.00-2.21)	0.00 (0.00-0.26)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.26)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%)	Yes	0.00 (0.00-0.91)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.13)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	<0.001
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%)	Yes	7.94 (3.65-14.2)^d	23.6 (14.5-33.5)^a^,^d	44.9 (27.5-61.3)^a^,^b	64.9 (47.5-80.7)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	5.47 (2.34-12.2)	17.2(10.4-31.1)^a	41.2 (32.4-63.9)^a^,^b	82.8 (72.8-95.1)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%)	Yes	0.00 (0.00-0.91)	2.15 (0.39-6.51)^a^,^d	12.30 (4.04-19.58)^a^,^b	18.80 (9.11-48.57)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-0.52)	0.91 (0.00-3.13)^a	8.20 (3.30-16.80)^a^,^b	32.94 (21.35-70.18)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%), day	Yes	85.2(77.6-91.5)^d	68.6 (58.8-79.2)^a^,^d	45.1(37.3-62.7)^a^,^b	32.4 (18.1-41.5)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	91.0 (82.8-94.8)	77.6 (62.0-86.1)^a	47.6 (30.3-67.5)^a^,^b	15.8 (6.3-28.5)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%), day	Yes	2.60 (0.35-5.90)^d	0.35 (0.00-2.60)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-1.39)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.20 (0.00-1.74)	0.00 (0.00-0.17)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%), day	Yes	0.00 (0.00-0.69)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.17)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.010
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%), day	Yes	10.2 (4.34-17.7)	29.3 (16.5-41.2)^a^,^d	54.3 (35.6-61.1)^a^,^b	67.6(58.5-80.6)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	6.94 (2.95-16.0)	22.1 (13.2-38.0)^a	52.4 (32.1-69.7)^a^,^b	84.2 (71.5-93.8)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%), day	Yes	0.00 (0.00-1.22)	2.26 (0.52-7.99)^a^,^d	12.9 (5.38-21.4)^a^,^b	22.0 (10.1-52.6)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-0.69)	1.22 (0.00-3.91)^a	10.8 (4.17-21.5)^a^,^b	39.2 (23.6-72.9)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TIR^{3.9–10 mmol/L} (%), night	Yes	90.6 (77.6-97.4)^d	89.3 (77.1-96.4)^d	72.9 (41.7-89.6)^a^,^b	40.6 (10.4-91.2)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	97.9 (92.2-100.0)	95.3 (86.2-99.5)^a	76.6 (59.9-92.2)^a^,^b	16.7 (3.13-34.4)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.9 mmol/L} (%), night	Yes	2.60 (0.00-13.5)^d	0.00(0.00-5.73)^a^,^d	0.00 (0.00-6.25)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-3.65)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	<0.001
TBR^{< 3.0 mmol/L} (%), night	Yes	0.00 (0.00-0.52)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.020
	No	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)	0.002
TAR^{> 10.0 mmol/L} (%), night	Yes	0.00 (0.00-4.17)^d	3.91 (0.00-15.6)^a	14.8 (6.77-57.3)^a^,^b	59.4 (8.85-89.6)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (0.00-1.04)	3.05 (0.00-10.7)^a	23.4 (4.17-40.1)^a^,^b	83.3 (65.6-96.9)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001
TAR^{> 13.9 mmol/L} (%), night	Yes	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^d	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a^,^d	1.56 (0.00-13.02)^a^,^b	16.2 (0.00-36.5)^a^,^b	<0.001
	No	0.00 (00.00-0.00)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^a	0.00 (0.00-4.17)^a^,^b	24.5 (8.85-62.0)^a^,^b^,^c	<0.001

Data are median (Q1-Q3). Differences between the 4 hemoglobin A1c groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the post hoc Steel-Dwass test. Differences between patients stratified by types of antidiabetic agents in each hemoglobin A1c category were tested with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Abbreviations: TAR, time above range; TBR, time below range; TIR, time in range.

^a P < 0.05 vs. HbA1c < ₅₃.

^b P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _53-63.

^c P < 0.05 vs HbA1c _64-74.

^d P < 0.05 between subgroups.