Table 6.
Health outcomes at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.
| Variables | Baseline, mean (SD) | Midtest assessment, mean (SD) | Posttest assessment, mean (SD) | Baseline to midtest assessment | Baseline to posttest assessment | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
Change | Cohen d | Change | Cohen d | ||
| Anthropometric measures and blood pressure | |||||||||
|
|
Mean SBPa (mm Hg) | 149.96 (20.80) | 139.5 (10.73) | 142.75 (15.27) | −10.46 | 0.62 | −7.21 | 0.39 | |
|
|
Mean DBPb (mm Hg) | 75.27 (11.88) | 73.23 (8.92) | 76.83 (14.24) | −2.04 | 0.58 | 1.56 | 0.12 | |
|
|
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.13 (3.32) | 30.80 (3.68) | 29.99 (4.35) | 0.66c | 0.19 | −0.15 | 0.04 | |
|
|
Body fat percentage, % | 41.22 (4.81) | 41.57 (4.7) | 41.46 (5.6) | 0.35 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.03 | |
| Physical function | |||||||||
|
|
5XSTSd (seconds) | 12.68 (2.45) | 11.93 (3.59) | 10.74 (2.21) | −0.75 | 0.24 | −1.62c | 0.97 | |
|
|
Grip strength (dominant hand; kg) | 19.10 (6.82) | 18.45 (5.8) | 19.61 (5.96) | −0.65 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.05 | |
|
|
FWTe (seconds) | 16.00 (5.03) | 18.82 (9.82) | 15.06 (4.73) | 2.82 | 0.36 | −0.94 | 0.20 | |
|
|
Reach (cm) | 25.35 (6.55) | 22.75 (9.24) | 27.42 (4.57) | 2.6 | 0.33 | 2.06 | 0.36 | |
|
|
6MWTf (m) | 383.28 (116.67) | 392.56 (130.32) | 412.02 (118.72) | 9.28 | 0.08 | 28.73 | 0.24 | |
| Cognitive function | |||||||||
|
|
Clock Drawing Test score | 7.46 (1.98) | 8.62 (1.26) | 8.08 (1.68) | 1.15g | 0.69 | 0.62 | 0.24 | |
|
|
TMTh Part A (seconds) | 73.14 (68.09) | 62.89 (61.12) | 58.23 (54.19) | −10.26 | 0.16 | −14.91 | 0.24 | |
|
|
TMT Part B (seconds) | 161.72 (107.66) | 166.89 (161.33) | 149.87 (166.44) | 5.17 | 0.04 | −11.84 | 0.09 | |
| Psychosocial and behavioral measures | |||||||||
|
|
Sleep disturbance score | 23.38 (2.53) | 23.23 (2.59) | 22.67 (2.74) | −0.15 | 0.06 | −0.72 | 0.27 | |
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|
Pain severity score | 2.83 (1.92) | 2.52 (2.85) | 2.35 (1.87) | −0.31 | 0.13 | −0.47 | 0.25 | |
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|
Pain interference score | 2.89 (2.64) | 2.23 (2.37) | 1.47 (1.72) | −0.66 | 0.26 | 1.42 | 0.64 | |
|
|
Basic ADLi score | 10.69 (3.28) | 11.31 (1.03) | 10.67 (3.42) | 0.62 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
|
|
Intermediate ADL score | 18.62 (5.42) | 18.92 (3.97) | 18.92 (3.70) | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.06 | |
|
|
FSQj total score | 29.31 (8.02) | 30.23 (4.21) | 29.58 (6.4) | 0.92 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.04 | |
|
|
SF-12-PCSk score | 39.15 (9) | 42.78 (9.75) | 46.43 (8.6) | 3.64 | 0.39 | 5.71g | 0.88 | |
|
|
SF-12-MCSl score | 53.80 (9.87) | 53.87 (12.03) | 50.57 (11.06) | 0.07 | 0.01 | −3.23 | 0.30 | |
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|
Sleep (hours per day) | 6.29 (1.36) | 6.30 (1.49) | 6.83 (2.49) | 0 | 0 | 0.53 | 0.52 | |
|
|
Sedentary time (hours per day) | 13.92 (2.28) | 13.85 (2.23) | 12.92 (3.35) | −0.07 | 0.03 | −0.99 | 0.35 | |
|
|
LPAm (hours per day) | 2.78 (1.39) | 2.89 (1.04) | 3.26 (1.12) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.47 | 0.37 | |
aSBP: systolic blood pressure.
bDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
cP<.01.
d5XSTS: 5-time sit-to-stand test.
eFWT: 50-foot fast walk test.
f6MWT: 6-minute walk test.
gP=.01.
hTMT: Trail Making Test.
iADL: activities of daily living.
jFSQ: Functional Status Questionnaire.
kSF-12-PCS: 12-Item Short Form Health Survey physical component score.
lSF-12-MCS: 12-Item Short Form Health Survey mental component score.
mLPA: light physical activity.