Table 3.

Novel formulations of naringin

Purpose of study	Formulation approach	Objective	Method of preparation	Result	Reference
To prepare deformable liposomes of Naringin for improved anti-inflammatory activity	Deformable liposomes	For anti-inflammatory skin activity deformable liposomes of Naringin was made	Thin- film hydration technique	When compared to marketed preparation, the liposomes showed increased anti-inflammatory activity in an in-vitro assay	(Pleguezuelos-Villa et al. 2018 ▶)
To prevent development of resistance toward chemotherapeutic agents by combining Naringin and paclitaxel	Mixed micelles	To develop anticancer medicine with combining paclitaxel and Naringin	Solvent diffusion method	Naringin synergistically increased its intracellular intake and 65 % in-vitro cytotoxicity	(Jabri et al. 2019 ▶)
To develop formulation which may prevent Naringin release bursting and osteogenesis	Microspheres	To prepare Naringin-loaded microsphere/sucrose acetate isobutyrate hybrid depots and improve osteogenesis	Single-nozzle-electro-spraying setup	Microspheres showed effective biocompatibility and osteogenic potential in-vitro. Ng-m-SAIB may demonstrate promising for bone repair to be a sustained release carrier	(Yang et al. 2019 ▶)
To incorporate into sunscreen creams which may increase protection against U.V. radiation	Ethosomes of Naringin	To improve the penetrating capacity and retention capacity of Naringin into sunscreen creams	Hot method and mechanical dispersion method	Ethosomes showed a pronounced skin penetration for Naringin across the skin and had a good skin retention and U.V. protection ability	(Gollavilli et al. 2020 ▶)
To prepare a dosage form in form of nano-capsule which have good bioavailability, bioavailability, biotransformation and distribution	Naringin-loaded Nano-capsules	To formulate nano-capsules of Naringin and to evaluate the toxicity	Interfacial- deformation technique	The ethosomes showed desired pharmacokinetic effect and there was no indication of toxicity by nano-capsules	(Budel et al. 2020 ▶)
To prepare a gum tragacanth stabilized green nanoparticles for increasing bactericidal activity	Naringin nanoparticles	To formulate green gold gum tragacanth loaded Naringin nanoparticles	Through magnetic stirring the color change was observed	Naringin's bactericidal potential was increased when it was loaded into AuNPs against different bacterial strains	(Rao et al. 2017 ▶)
To prepare a dosage form with increased drug release	Ternary nanoparticles containing amylose, alpha-linoleic acid, and beta-lactoglobulin complexed with Naringin	To formulate Naringin-nanoparticle inclusion complex for increased bio accessibility and thereby bioavailability	Through magnetic stirring the preparation of ternary nanoparticles and inclusion complex with Naringin was prepared	Naringin gradually released from the complex mixture and nanoparticles are promising carrier for increased bioavailability of Naringin	(Feng et al. 2017 ▶)
To prepare high catalytic properties of alpha-amalyse	Enzyme immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles of Naringin.	To formulate alpha-amalyse immobilized functionalized Magnetic NPs	Magnetite nanoparticles followed by immobilization of alpha-amalyse onto magnetic nanoparticle containing Naringin	Improvement in enzyme catalytic properties made nano-biocatalyst a good candidate in bio industrial applications	(Defaei et al. 2018 ▶)
To prepare a formulation having better anti-tumor activity of Naringin against hepatocellular carcinoma	Nanostructured lipid carrier with Naringin & coix seed oil.	To develop a Nanostructured lipid carrier containing Naringin and coix seed oil for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma	Ultrasonic- melt emulsification method.	The drug release and synergistic antitumor effect provides new insight against cancer	(Zhu et al. 2020 ▶)
To develop sustainable agriculture by using Naringin novel formulation	Naringin & citric acid in polycaprolactone microcapsules	Plant development and sustainable agriculture with polycaprolactone microcapsules containing Naringin & citric acid	Combination of a double emulsion method of water-in-oil-in-water and a solvent evaporation technique	The use of PCL 45000 Mw for the synthesis of MCs containing citric acid or Naringin may be a viable alternative to the current need for environmentally friendly agricultural practices. MCs containing Naringin have a 30-day slow release that is unaffected by pH, indicating that it should be used in soils with a variety of characteristics and promote the continuous supply (slow release) of nutrients to plants	(Cesari et al. 2020 ▶)
To prepare a dosage form in order to increase solubility of Naringin	Naringin loaded polycaprolactone microspheres.	Naringin loaded polycaprolactone microspheres for increased solubility of Naringin .	Solvent evaporation method	Three-level Box-Behnken configuration can be used to configure a Naringin-loaded polycaprolactone microspheres based oral suspension, demonstrating that Naringin solubility is greatly improved as evidenced by the optimized suspension's particle size	(Ghosal et al. 2018 ▶)
To increase water solubility, permeability and Bioavailability of Naringin	Naringin polymeric micelles	To make polymeric Naringin micelles based from pluronic F68 and test their antitumor activity in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma	Thin film hydration technique	1:50 polymeric micelles containing PF68 may be a promising nanocarrier for the phytopharmaceutical Naringin, with increased water solubility, permeability, and bioavailability, and also increased antitumor and antiulcer activities	(Mohamed et al. 2018 ▶)

Ng-m-SAIB: Naringin-loaded microsphere/sucrose acetate isobutyrate; AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles; PCL: Polycaprolactone; Mw: Molecular weight; MCs: Microcapsules; PF68: Pluronic-F68