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Three biosynthetic strategies for the sulfurization of Nα-trimethylhistidine (TMH) that emerged through convergent evolution. (i) O2-dependent sulfurization by sulfoxide synthase EgtB; (ii) O2-independent pathway catalyzed by ergothioneine synthase EanB with polysulfides as a sulfur donor; (iii) O2-independent sulfurization by a metallopterin (MPT)-dependent ergothioneine synthase MES that uses cysteine as a sulfur donor (red).
