Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients with diabetic kidney disease eligible to the PANDIA-IRIS study
| Patients who accepted n = 57 | Patients who refused n = 123 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.0 (10.0) | 67.7 (10.4) | P = 0.027 |
| Female, n (%) | 7 (12.3) | 38 (30.9) | P = 0.007 |
| Married/partnership civil statusa, n (%) | 26 (45.6) | 66 (53.7) | P = 0.315 |
| Swiss nationality, n (%) | 35 (61.4) | 91 (74.0) | P = 0.087 |
| Patients living in the Lausanne center or surroundings (maximal distance of 20 km), n (%) | 39 (68.4) | 88 (71.5) | P = 0.669 |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Type 2 diabetesb, n (%) | 54 (94.7) | 108 (87.8) | P = 0.149 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), median (IQR) | 31 [28–34] | 29 [26–32] | P = 0.101 |
| Creatinine blood concentration (µmol/l), median (IQR) | 128.7 (100.7–154.5) | 123.4 (95.5–157.5) | P = 0.465 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2), median (IQR) | 49.0 (37.0–60.0) | 48.8 (34.3–61.0) | P = 0.876 |
| eGFR decline per year (mL/min/1.73m2/year), median (IQR) | −2.4 (−4.2; −0.7) | −1.8 (−4.2; −0.5) | P = 0.431 |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 7.1 (6.7–8.0) | 7.4 (6.8–8.3) | P = 0.228 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l), mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.9 (1.0) | P = 0.263 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 135.8 (15.5) | 137.8 (15.3) | P = 0.415 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 76.9 (8.8) | 74.2 (9.5) | P = 0.065 |
| Number of oral prescribed chronic treatments at the time of recruitment, mean (SD) | 9 [4] | 10 [3] | P = 0.228 |
| Time from diabetes diagnosis (years), median (IQR) | 8.6 (4.5–15.9) | 14.2 (6.9–22.7) | P = 0.003 |
| Current or past cardiovascular event(s)c, n (%) | 12 (21.1) | 32 (26.0) | P = 0.471 |
| Depression or anxiety diagnosis, n (%) | 11 (19.3) | 18 (14.6) | P = 0.428 |
| Current smoker at the time of recruitment, n (%) | 9 (15.8) | 16 (13.0) | P = 0.616 |
| Current or past alcohol addiction, n (%) | 17 (29.8) | 33 (26.8) | P = 0.676 |
| Current or past drug addiction, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (2.4) | NA |
| Disability or amputation or handicap, n (%) | 3 (5.3) | 15 (12.2) | P = 0.149 |
NB1: Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for the following variables; Female sex, Married/partnership civil status, Swiss nationality, Patients living in the Lausanne center or surroundings, Type 2 diabetes, Current or past cardiovascular event(s), Depression or anxiety diagnosis, Current smoker at the time of recruitment, Current or past alcohol addiction, Disability or amputation or handicap; Fischer’s exact test was used for current or past drug addiction; T-Student test was used for: age, LDL-cholesterol, Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Number of oral prescribed chronic treatments; Mann–Whitney test was used for: BMI, Creatinine blood concentration, eGFR, eGFR decline per year, HbA1c, Time from diabetes diagnosis
NB2: among patients who refused participation, missing data were: 2 BMI values, 6 creatinine blood concentrations, 6 eGFR values, 5 eGFR decline per year values, 34 HbA1c values, 39 LDL-cholesterol values and 10 values for the time from diabetes diagnosis. In patients who accepted, missing data were 11 HbA1c values and 14 LDL-cholesterol values
NA= “not applicable”; statistical test not applicable as the number of patients is too small
aThe other patients are separated, divorced, widowed or single
bThe other category includes patient diagnosed with diabetes type 1, glucocorticoid-inducted, post-transplantation or post-pancreatectomy diabetes or Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). The eligibility criteria were expanded from October 2019 to include other types of diabetes than type 2, which explains the low proportion of patients in these categories
cStroke, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), cardiopulmonary arrest