The diagnostic accuracy of established noninvasive serum scores in identifying ≥ 5% steatosis among North American adults with chronic HBV, by co-infection status. a. HBV-only; b. HBV–HIV. HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HSI Human immunodeficiency virus, HSI Hepatic Steatosis index, NAFLD-LFS nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Liver Fat Score, TyG triglyceride glucose, VAI visceral adiposity index