Table 1.
Demographics, virologic characteristics, and cardiometabolic health among North American adults with chronic HBV, by co-infection status
| Variable | HBV-only n = 302 |
HBV–HIV n = 92 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at time of biopsy (years) | < 0.001 | ||
| Median(25th:75th) | 43 (35: 53) | 50 (44: 56) | |
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Male | 180 (59.6%) | 85 (92.4%) | |
| Race, n (%) | n = 301 | n = 87 | < 0.001 |
| White | 27 (9.0%) | 35 (40.2%) | |
| Black | 23 (7.6%) | 44 (50.6%) | |
| Asian | 245 (81.4%) | 5 (5.7%) | |
| Other | 6 (2.0%) | 3 (3.4%) | |
| US/Canada birth, n (%) | n = 285 | n = 78 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 39 (13.7%) | 78 (100.0%) | |
| Alcohol risk, n (%) | n = 296 | n = 92 | 0.014 |
| None or minimal | 225 (76.0%) | 58 (63.0%) | |
| Low risk | 71 (24.0%) | 34 (37.0%) | |
| HBeAg status, n (%) | n = 296 | 0.001 | |
| Positive | 111 (37.5%) | 53 (57.6%) | |
| HBV DNA (IU/mL) | n = 301 | < 0.001* | |
| < 1000 | 27 (9.0%) | 75 (81.5%) | |
| 1000– < 20,000 | 59 (19.6%) | 8 (8.7%) | |
| ≥ 20,000 | 215 (71.4%) | 9 (9.8%) | |
| HIV RNA (copies/mL) | NA | n = 81 | |
| < 20 | 62 (76.5%) | ||
| 20–< 400 | 12 (14.8%) | ||
| 400–< 10,000 | 4 (4.9%) | ||
| ≥ 10,000 | 3 (3.7%) | ||
| CD4 (cells/mm3) | NA | n = 87 | |
| Median (25th:75th) | 572 (374: 718) | ||
| CD4% | NA | n = 87 | |
| Median (25th:75th) | 25.4 (18.0: 36.0) | ||
| ALT (U/L) | n = 91 | < 0.001 | |
| Median(25th:75th) | 58 (37: 94) | 27 (19: 39) | |
| High ALT (> 1 ULN), n (%)a | n = 91 | < 0.001c | |
| Yes | 275 (91.1%) | 39 (42.9%) | |
| AST (U/L) | n = 299 | n = 91 | < 0.001 |
| Median(25th:75th) | 40 (28: 59) | 27 (22: 38) | |
| High AST (> 1 ULN), n (%)b | n = 299 | n = 91 | < 0.001* |
| Yes | 149 (49.8%) | 19 (20.9%) | |
| AST/ALT ratio | n = 299 | n = 91 | < 0.001 |
| Median(25th:75th) | 0.7 (0.6: 0.9) | 1.0 (0.8: 1.3) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | n = 248 | n = 91 | < 0.001 |
| Median(25th:75th) | 14.8 (13.5: 15.7) | 14.9 (13.6: 15.6) | |
| Platelets (× 103/mm3) | n = 279 | 0.29 | |
| Median (25th:75th) | 195 (170: 234) | 202 (173: 233) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | n = 299 | n = 89 | 0.001 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 24.4 (21.9: 27.3) | 26.7 (22.7: 30.4) | |
| Weight status (race specific), n (%) | n = 299 | n = 89 | 0.20c |
| Underweight/normal | 115 (38.5%) | 29 (32.6%) | |
| Overweight | 121 (40.5%) | 36 (40.4%) | |
| Obese | 63 (21.1%) | 24 (27.0%) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) in females | n = 86 | n = 5 | 0.001 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 81.1 (74.9: 86.4) | 102.0 (97.0: 105.4) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) in males | n = 136 | n = 73 | 0.001 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 87.8 (81.7: 95.7) | 94.0 (86.0: 102.0) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | n = 301 | 0.004 | |
| Yes | 56 (18.6%) | 30 (32.6%) | |
| HDL (mg/dL) in females | n = 68 | n = 7 | 0.024 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 61 (50: 73) | 49 (41: 55) | |
| HDL (mg/dL) in males | n = 88 | n = 85 | 0.05 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 46 (39: 55) | 41 (36: 50) | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | n = 124 | n = 74 | 0.002 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 87 (67: 115) | 114 (76: 171) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 83 (27.5%) | 46 (50.0%) | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | n = 159 | n = 78 | 0.02 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 87 (80: 96) | 90 (84: 101) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.65 | ||
| Yes | 28 (9.3%) | 10 (10.9%) | |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | n = 152 | n = 81 | 0.013 |
| Yes | 38 (25.0%) | 33 (40.7%) | |
| Insulin (mcU/mL) | n = 75 | n = 65 | 0.002 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 8.1 (4.5: 12.2) | 11.0 (8.0: 19.0) | |
| HOMA-IR | n = 71 | n = 65 | < 0.001 |
| Median (25th:75th) | 1.7 (0.9: 2.4) | 2.5 (1.7: 4.9) |
ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, DNA deoxyribonucleic acid. HBeAg, quantitative hepatitis B e-antigen, HBV hepatitis B virus, HDL high-density lipoproteins HIV human immunodeficiency virus, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoproteins
a
Upper limit of normal (ULN) ALT ≤ 30 IU/L in men, ALT ≤ 19 U/L in women
b
Upper limit of normal (ULN) AST by each local laboratory
c
From the Cochran–Armitage trend test