. 2022 Sep 19;19(18):11822. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811822

Table 3.

Predictors of stressors and coping on psychological well-being using multiple hierarchical regression.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	β	β	β
Gender	0.410	−0.009	0.031
Age	−0.332	−0.299	−0.330
Institution	−0.107	−0.131 *	−0.131 *
Religious belief	1.036	0.205	0.179
SINS_Clinical learning	−0.752 *	−0.005	0.012
SINS_Academic study	−0.479	0.121	0.103
SINS_Finance and time	−0.127	0.081	0.072
SINS_Confidence	1.524 ***	0.518	0.497
SINS_Personal problems	1.413 ***	0.640 *	0.645 *
COPE_Support seeking		−0.234	−0.218
COPE_Problem_solving		−0.584 *	−0.621 *
COPE_Venting		0.035	0.017
COPE_Accommodation		−0.620 *	−0.583 *
COPE_Self distraction		−0.088	−0.096
COPE_Self blame		1.138 ***	1.133 ***
COPE_Humor		0.233	0.198
COPE_Behavioral disengagement		0.863 **	0.923 ***
COPE_Religion		−0.006	−0.004
COPE_Denial		−0.044	−0.026
COPE_Substance use		0.541	0.582 *
SIN_Personal problems x COPE_Problem solving			−0.433
SIN_Personal problems x COPE_Accommodation			0.507 *
SIN_Personal problems x COPE_Self blame			0.216
SIN_Personal problems x COPE_Behavioral disengagement			−0.041
SIN_Confidence x COPE_Behavioral disengagement			0.102
R²	0.226	0.445	0.456
Adjusted R²	0.202	0.404	0.405
R² change	0.226	0.219	0.456
F	9.206 ***	10.917 ***	8.959 ***

Model 1: df1 = 9, df2 = 283; Model 2: df1 = 11, df2 = 272; Model 3: df1 = 25, df2 = 267. β = unstandardized regression estimates. Religious belief: 1 = No, 2 = Yes. Dummy variables for Institution A = 0, 1, institution B = 1, 0 = institution C = 0, 0. Gender: 1 = Male; 2 = Female. * p < 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.