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. 2022 Sep 6;19(18):11162. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811162

Table 1.

Category of non-pharmacological interventions of included studies in a systematic review.

Interventions n
Enhanced pre-operative information 8
Form of delivery (n = 7)
Content of information (n = 1)
Music listening 3
Smell/Odor 2
Hypnosis 2
Auriculotherapy 1
Acupuncture 1
Virtual reality 1
Separate day of consultation 1
Comparisons between oral pre-medication, relaxation, self-efficacy enhancement, and intravenous needle desensitization 2