Generation and characterization of avatar mice. (A) Schematic indicating the procedure by which to generate mouse avatars. HuPBLs (CD14 negative PBMC fraction) are transplanted at day 0. CD14+ cells from the same donor are incubated with GM-CSF and IL-4 to generate immature monocyte-derived DCs, which are then infected with EBOV at an MOI of 1 and transplanted at day 5. (B) Frequency of human hematopoietic cells (hCD45+) in the peripheral blood of avatar mice at the indicated time points. Data are shown as the mean ± the standard error the mean (SEM). (C) Representative flow cytometry plots of the data shown in panel B. (D) Frequency of CD8+ central memory, effector memory, naive and effector T cells (TEMRA) at the indicated time points in the peripheral blood of avatar mice, as assessed by flow cytometry. (E) Frequency of CD4+ central memory, effector memory, naive and effector T cells (TEMRA) at the indicated time points in the peripheral blood of avatar mice, as assessed by flow cytometry.