Table 1.
HBM and faith-based variables (N = 531).
| Characteristic | Item | Questions | Likert Scale | Mean, SD | Cronbach’s Alpha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBM | Perceived benefits | Getting a COVID-19 vaccination helped me feel less worried about getting COVID-19. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | 4.2, 1.57 | 0.82 |
| Getting a COVID-19 vaccination has decreased my chance of getting COVID-19 or its complications. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Now that I have gotten the COVID-19 vaccine, I will decrease the frequency of having to consult my doctor. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Now that I have gotten the COVID-19 vaccine, I will not get sick from COVID-19. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Now that I have gotten the COVID-19 vaccine, I help protect those around me from COVID-19. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| HBM | Perceived barriers | I could not be bothered to get the COVID-19 vaccination. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | 3.4, 1.16 | 0.81 |
| I am scared of needles. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| I am concerned about the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| The COVID-19 vaccine is expensive. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| There is a shortage of the COVID-19 vaccine. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| It is inconvenient to get the COVID-19 vaccination. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Short-cuts have been taken to develop the COVID-19 vaccine quickly. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Scientists did not have enough time to assess the possible risks of a COVID-19 vaccine. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| You might be required to get the COVID- 19 vaccine even if you don’t want to | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| It will be difficult for you to travel to a vaccination site to get the COVID-19 vaccine | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| You won’t be able to get the vaccine from a place you trust | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| You might need to miss work if the side effects of the vaccine make you feel sick for a day or more | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| You might need to take time off work to go and get the COVID vaccine | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| The COVID-19 vaccine may negatively impact your fertility in the future | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| The COVID-19 vaccines are not as safe as they are said to be | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| The COVID-19 vaccines are not as effective as they are said to be | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| HBM | Perceived severity | Complications from COVID-19 are serious. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | 4.8, 1.51 | 0.76 |
| I will be very sick if I get COVID-19. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| I am afraid of getting COVID-19. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| HBM | Perceived susceptibility | My chance of getting COVID-19 in the next few months is high. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | 3.8, 1.46 | 0.81 |
| I am worried about the likelihood of getting COVID-19 in the near future. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| Getting COVID-19 is currently a possibility for me. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | ||||
| HBM | Self-efficacy | If I wanted to, I am confident that I could get the COVID-19 vaccination. | Strongly disagree, 1, to strongly agree, 7 | 5.7, 1.26 | 0.77 |
| How certain are you that you could get the COVID-19 vaccination? | Very uncertain, 1, to very certain, 7 | ||||
| For me, getting a COVID-19 vaccination would be… | Very difficult, 1, to very easy, 7 | ||||
| HBM | Cues to action | Has a healthcare provider spoken to you about getting the COVID-19 vaccine? | Yes, 1, or No, 0 | N/A | N/A |
| Faith-based | Advice from religious leader | When deciding whether to get a COVID-19 vaccine, how much did you turn to a religious leader such as minister or pastor for information? | Not at all, 1, to a lot, 4 | 2.3, 1.07 | N/A |
| Faith-based | Faith-based support | A religious leader you trust encouraged you to get the vaccine | Much less likely, 1, to much more likely, 5 | 3.4, 0.99 | 0.84 |
| You could get the vaccine at a nearby religious congregation | Much less likely, 1, to much more likely, 5 | ||||
| A religious leader you trust got the vaccine | Much less likely, 1, to much more likely, 5 | ||||
| Your religious community provided assistance in getting an appointment to get the vaccine | Much less likely, 1, to much more likely, 5 |