Table 3.
Estimated lung-deposited doses and cancer and non-cancer risks of ENDS aerosol generated by Air Bar—Watermelon Ice.
| Chemical | Estimated Dose | Cancer Risk Assessment | Non-Cancer Risk Assessment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LADD (µg/kg/Day) | ADD (µg/kg/Day) | CSF (µg/kg/Day)−1 | Cancer Risk | RfD a (µg/kg/Day) | Non-Cancer Risk (HQ) | Target System | HI | |
| Nicotine | 1.80 | 4.21 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Propylene glycol (PG) | 2.69 | 6.27 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Glycerol (VG) | 3.12 × 101 | 7.27 × 101 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Benzoic acid | 1.64 | 3.82 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Triethyl citrate | 2.07 × 10−3 | 4.82 × 10−3 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Ethyl maltol | 7.91 × 10−3 | 1.85 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Benzyl alcohol | 9.20 × 10−4 | 2.15 × 10−3 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Vanillin | 1.40 × 10−4 | 3.20 × 10−4 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Melonal | 5.00 × 10−5 | 1.10 × 10−4 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-Hexen-1-ol | 1.00 × 10−5 | 2.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Methyl dihydrojasmonate | 2.00 × 10−5 | 5.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| γ-Decalactone | 2.40 × 10−4 | 5.60 × 10−4 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Chromium | 1.96 × 10−3 | 4.58 × 10−3 | 5.1 × 10−1 c | 1.0 × 10−3 | 2.9 × 10−2 d (particulate) | 0.16 | Respiratory | 1.14 (Respiratory) |
| Nickel | 1.68 × 10−3 | 3.91 × 10−3 | 9.1 × 10−4 c | 1.5 × 10−6 | 4.0 × 10−3 e | 0.98 | Respiratory | |
| Manganese | 4.60 × 10−4 | 1.07 × 10−3 | -- | -- | 1.4 × 10−2 d | 0.08 | CNS | 0.11 (CNS) |
| Lead | 5.70 × 10−4 | 1.32 × 10−3 | 4.2 × 10−5 c | 2.4 × 10−8 | 4.3 × 10−2 f | 0.03 | CNS | |
| Aluminum | 1.02 × 10−2 | 2.38 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Zinc | 1.07 × 10−2 | 2.50 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
Abbreviations: LADD: lifetime average daily dose; ADD: average daily dose; CSF: cancer slope factor; RfD: reference dose; HQ: hazard quotient; CNS: central nervous system. Bold: exceeds acceptance risk (i.e., cancer risk > 1.0 × 10−6; HQ > 1.0; HI > 1.0). a RfD was calculated as RfC × 20/70 (assuming a inhalation rate of 20 m3/day and a default 70 kg body weight). b No established CSF or RfC. c Information extracted from CalEPA [32]. d Based on Reference concentration (RfC) from US EPA [33]. e Based on RfC from CalEPA [31]. f Based on RfC from US EPA [34].