Table 4.
Estimated lung-deposited doses and cancer and non-cancer risks of ENDS aerosol generated by Puff Bar—Grape.
| Chemical | Estimated Dose | Cancer Risk Assessment | Non-Cancer Risk Assessment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LADD (µg/kg/Day) | ADD (µg/kg/Day) | CSF (µg/kg/Day)−1 | Cancer Risk | RfD a (µg/kg/Day) | Non-Cancer Risk (HQ) | Target System | HI | |
| Nicotine | 6.73 × 10−1 | 1.57 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Propylene glycol (PG) | 1.56 | 3.63 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Glycerol (VG) | 2.54 × 101 | 5.94 × 101 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Benzoic acid | 1.66 × 10−1 | 3.87 × 10−1 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Triethyl citrate | 4.93 × 10−3 | 1.15 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Ethyl maltol | 9.23 × 10−3 | 2.15 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Methyl anthranilate | 1.00 × 10−5 | 3.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| α-Terpineol | 1.00 × 10−5 | 2.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| 3-Hexen-1-ol | 1.00 × 10−5 | 2.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Perillartine | <1.00 × 10−5 | <1.00 × 10−5 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Chromium | 7.60 × 10−4 | 1.78 × 10−3 | 5.1 × 10−1 c | 3.9 × 10−4 | 2.9 × 10−2 d (particulate) | 0.06 | Respiratory | 0.57 (Respiratory) |
| Nickel | 8.70 × 10−4 | 2.04 × 10−3 | 9.1 × 10−4 c | 8.0 × 10−7 | 4.0 × 10−3 e | 0.51 | Respiratory | |
| Manganese | 2.20 × 10−4 | 5.10 × 10−4 | -- | -- | 1.4 × 10−2 d | 0.04 | CNS | <0.05 (CNS) |
| Lead | 9.00 × 10−5 | 2.10 × 10−4 | 4.2 × 10−5 c | 3.8 × 10−9 | 4.3 × 10−2 f | <0.01 | CNS | |
| Aluminum | 3.87 × 10−3 | 9.03 × 10−3 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
| Zinc | 6.13 × 10−3 | 1.43 × 10−2 | -- b | -- | -- b | -- | -- | -- |
Abbreviations: LADD: lifetime average daily dose; ADD: average daily dose; CSF: cancer slope factor; RfD: reference dose; HQ: hazard quotient; CNS: central nervous system. Bold: exceeds acceptance risk (i.e., cancer risk > 1.0 × 10−6; HQ > 1.0; HI > 1.0). a RfD was calculated as RfC × 20/70 (assuming an inhalation rate of 20 m3/day and a default 70 kg body weight). b No established CSF or RfC. c Information extracted from CalEPA [32]. d Based on Reference concentration (RfC) from US EPA [33]. e Based on RfC from CalEPA [31]. f Based on RfC from US EPA [34].