Table 5.

Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores for the validation set, ranked by the F1 score.

Rank	Model	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1
1	LASSOa	0.889	0.528	0.604	0.563
2	Decision tree	0.890	0.538	0.536	0.537
3	GBMb	0.865	0.453	0.657	0.536
4	Random forest	0.894	0.556	0.506	0.530
5	Logistic regression	0.886	0.344	0.698	0.461
6	Ridge	0.895	0.593	0.370	0.456

^aLASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.

^bGBM: gradient boosting machine.