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. 2022 Sep 21;54(1):2606–2616. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2124449

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Forest plot of comparison based on treatment stage. (a) Overall survival of patients receiving ICIs with or without chemotherapy versus patients not receiving ICIs (receiving chemotherapy or placebo only) in first line (male: p < .001, female: p = .023, overall: p < .001). (b) Overall survival of patients receiving ICIs with or without chemotherapy versus patients not receiving ICIs (receiving chemotherapy or placebo only) in non-first line (male: p < .001, female: p < .001, overall: p < .001).