Table 5.
RIF-I-OLS regression for COVID-19 vulnerability indices.
| (1) EI (AVI) | (2) EI (IV) | |
|---|---|---|
| Old (age > 60 years) | 0.03 *** | 0.31 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Female | 0.01 | 0.10 |
| (0.05) | (0.05) | |
| Reference = African/Black | ||
| Coloured | −0.03 ** | −0.27 ** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Indian/Asia | −0.12 *** | −1.10 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| White | −0.18 *** | −1.61 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Log pc income | −0.02 *** | −0.21 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Reference = No education | ||
| Primary | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| (0.05) | (0.05) | |
| Secondary | 0.03 *** | 0.28 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Tertiary | −0.04 *** | −0.35 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Urban | 0.03 *** | 0.23 *** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Constant | 0.04 | 0.39 |
| (0.13) | (0.13) | |
| R-squared | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| N | 67,733 | 67,733 |
Source: Author’s calculation using GHS 2019. Notes: Columns (1) and (2) show b-coefficient estimates from the RIF-I-OLS decomposition; all models included province fixed effects; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.