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The mechanisms of action by which the gut microbiota elicit the potential psychobiotic effects—regulation of the HPA axis, influence on the immune system, synthesis of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, and synthesis of metabolites. HPA axis—the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; SCFAs—short chain fatty acids; GABA—γ-aminobutyric acid. Adapted from “Gut-Brain-Axis”, by BioRender.com (accessed on 26 August 2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.
