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. 2022 Sep 1;19(17):10935. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710935
Explanatory Variable Code % Mean Std. Dev. Score Observations *
(Item Irrelevant/Relevant for the Model)
Age R3 Appendix A 37.17 9.2 Irrelevant
Gender R2 Appendix A - - Irrelevant
Number of children in household D4 Appendix A - - D4_1. Kids in Household—(0–6 y.o.)
Household size D2 Appendix A - - D2_4_4. Household size—4 persons
Relationship status D1 Appendix A - - Irrelevant
Educational level R4 Appendix A - - R4_15. Tertiary education—PhD studies
relevant for social performance
Activity domain R15 Appendix A - - Irrelevant
Share of time worked from home R11 Appendix A relevant for technical performance
Places worked from before the pandemic (March 2020)—From home, using devices connected to the Internet (laptop/computer, tablet, smartphone, etc.) R8_1 10.4% - - Irrelevant
Time working for current employer—Years + (months × 1/12) R12 Irrelevant
0–2 years R12_1 19.3% - -
2–5 years R12_2 28.0% - -
5–10 years R12_3 24.3% - -
Over 10 years R12_4 28.4% - -
Work experience in current role regardless of employer—Years + (months × 1/12) R13 Irrelevant
0–2 years R13_1 10.7% - -
2–5 years R13_2 20.5% - -
5–10 years R13_3 25.5% - -
10–20 year R13_4 28.1% - -
Over 20 years R13_5 15.21% - -
WFH engagement—To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements below about working from home, considering your own personal experiences? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all … 7 = fully agree) WP2 5.22 1.43 WFH Engagement score = (WP2_1 + WP2_2 + WP2_3)/3

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8429
relevant for social performance
relevant for technical performance
1. When I work from home, I feel bursting with energy WP2_1 - 5.08 1.7
2. I am enthusiastic about my job when I work from home WP2_2 - 5.31 1.7
3. When I work from home, I am immersed in my work WP2_3 - 5.18 1.6
Effectiveness (ocupational self-efficacyy)—To what extent do you find that each of the following statements describes you personally when it comes to your work in general? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not identity at all with the statement, 7 = fully identify with it.) WP3 5.75 0.82 Occupational self-efficacy (Effectiveness) score = WP3_1 × 0.114 + WP3_2 × 0,167 + WP3_3 × 0.216 + WP3_4 × 0.102 + WP3_5 × 0.154 + WP3_6 × 0.194

Cronbach Alpha = 0.9048
relevant for social performance
relevant for technical performance
1. I can remain calm when facing difficulties in my job because I can rely on my abilities WP3_1 - 5.91 1.1
2. When I am confronted with a problem in my job, I can usually find several solutions WP3_2 - 6.04 1.0
3. Whatever comes my way in my job, I can usually handle it WP3_3 - 6.23 1.0
4. My past experiences in my job have prepared me well for my occupational future WP3_4 - 5.87 1.2
5. Generally, I meet the goals that I set for myself in my job WP3_5 - 6.16 1.0
6. I feel prepared for most of the demands in my job WP3_6 - 6.11 1.0
job autonomy—To what extent the following statements fit the role/job you have in the company where you work. (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = does not fit your situation at all, 7 = it fits perfectly) FP1 5.18 1.06 Job autonomy score =
FP1_1 × 0.148 + FP1_2 × 0.103 + FP1_3 × 0.121 + FP1_4 × 0.135 + FP1_5 × 0.171 + FP1_6 × 0.234

Cronbach Alpha = 0.9252
relevant for social performance
relevant for technical performance
1. My job allows me to make my own decisions about how to schedule my work FP1_1 - 5.68 1.4
2. My job allows me to decide on the order in which things are done on the job FP1_2 - 5.72 1.4
3. My job gives me a chance to use my personal initiative in carrying out the work FP1_3 - 5.77 1.3
4. My job provides me with significant autonomy in making decisions FP1_4 - 5.45 1.4
5. My job allows me to make decisions about what methods I use to complete my work FP1_5 - 5.78 1.3
6. My job allows me to decide on my own how to go about doing my work FP1_6 - 5.77 1.3
organizational commitment—To what extent do you agree with each of the statements below about your workplace? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) FP5 4.52 1.43 Organisational commitment score = (FP5_1 + FP5_2 + FP5_3+ FP5_4 + FP5_5)/5

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8601
relevant for technical performance
1. I would be very happy to spend the rest of my life with this company FP5_1 - 4.72 1.7
2. I feel like part of the family at my company FP5_2 - 4.82 1.7
3. Too much of my life would be disrupted if I decided I wanted to leave my company now FP5_3 - 4.75 1.8
4. I believe that loyalty is important, and therefore I feel a sense of moral obligation to stay FP5_4 - 4.46 1.8
5. If I got another offer for a better job elsewhere, I would not feel it was right to leave my company FP5_5 - 3.95 2.0
interpresonal trust at work: Trust in co-workers/Trust in management—To what extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about your job? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) FP6 4.68 1.17 Trust_coworkers score = FP6_1 × 0.040 + FP6_2 × 0.182 + FP6_3 × 0.043 + FP6_4 × 0.034 + FP6_5 × 0.223 + FP6_6 × 0.239 + FP6_7 × 0.065 + FP6_8 × 0.099

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8766

Trust_management score = FP6_1 × 0.283 + FP6_2 × 0.041 + FP6_3 × 0.305 + FP6_4 × 0.244 + FP6_5 × 0.050 + FP6_6 × 0.053 + FP6_7 × 0.015 + FP6_8 × 0.022

Cronbach Alpha = 0.9019
relevant for social performance
(Trust in management & Trust in co-workers)
relevant for technical performance
(Trust in co-workers)
1. Management at my company are really trying to understand the employees’ points of view FP6_1 - 4.53 1.8
2. If I got into difficulties at work, I trust my workmates would try and help me out FP6_2 - 5.26 1.5
3. Management can be trusted to make sensible decisions for the company’s future FP6_3 - 4.67 1.7
4. I feel confident that the company will always try to treat me fairly FP6_4 - 4.81 1.7
5. Most of my workmates can be relied upon to do as they say they will do FP6_5 - 5.15 1.5
6. I have full confidence in the skills of my workmates FP6_6 - 5.12 1.4
7. Most of my fellow workers would do their work efficiently even if supervisors/ managers were not around FP6_7 - 4.93 1.8
8. I can rely on my workmates not to make my job more difficult by careless work FP6_8 - 4.86 1.6
C-M (computer mediated) communication—We are interested in how people use various online communication technologies (for example, instant messaging, email, video conferencing, chat apps, etc.). Please indicate to what extent each of the statements below describes you. (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) PRO1 4.69 1.49 C-M_communication =
(PRO1_1 + PRO1_2)/2

Cronbach Alpha = 0.6969
relevant for social performance
relevant for technical performance
1. I get my ideas across clearly in online conversations with others PRO1_1 - 5.14 1.6
2. My online interactions are more productive than my face-to-face interactions PRO1_2 - 4.21 1.8
Motivation—Please indicate to what extent you agree that each of the following statements corresponds to the reasons why you are presently involved in your work (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) A03 - - relevant for technical performance
2. Amotivation—I ask myself this question, I do not seem to be able to manage the important tasks related to this work A03_2 - 5.30 1.4
3. Integrated motivation—Because it has become a fundamental part of who I am A03_3 - 2.73 1.8
6. Introjected motivation—Because I want to be very good at this work, otherwise I would be very disappointed A03_6 - 5.20 1.5
Stress—Please think about the way you feel when your work from home. To what extent do you agree that each of the following statements describes the way you feel when you work from home? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) PWB2 3.03 1.75 Stress score =
PWB2_1 × 0.245 + PWB2_2 × 0.265 + PWB2_3 × 0.132 + PWB2_4 × 0.308

Cronbach Alpha = 0.9550
relevant for technical performance
1. I feel exhausted from working from home PWB2_1 - 3.15 2.0
2. I feel tired from working from home PWB2_1 - 3.24 2.0
3. Working all day at home is a strain for me PWB2_1 - 3.25 2.0
4. I feel drained from working from home PWB2_1 - 3.26 2.0
Family—work conflict—Please think about the days you have been working from home. To what extent do you agree that the following statements fit your own situation? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) WB2_1
2.88 1.57 Family—work conflict score = (WB2_1_1 + WB2_1_2 + WB2_1_3)/3

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8249
relevant for social performance
relevant for technical performance
1. The demands of my family (spouse/ partner, kids, parents) interfere with work-related activities WB2_1_1 - 3.18 1.9
2. I have to put off doing things at work because of personal demands on my time WB2_1_2 - 2.70 1.8
3. Things I want to do at work do not get done in time because of the demands of my family WB2_1_3 - 2.82 1.8
Work—family conflict—Please think about the days you have been working from home. To what extent do you agree that the following statements fit your own situation? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) WB2_2 3.20 1.73 Work—family conflict score = (WB2_2_1 + WB2_2_2 + WB2_2_3)/3

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8888
Irrelevant
1. When I work from home the demands of my work interfere with my home and family life WB2_2_1 - 3.12 1.9
2. The amount of time my job takes up makes it difficult to fulfil household responsibilities WB2_2_2 - 3.28 2.0
3. Due to work-related duties, I have to make changes to my plans for family activities WB2_2_2 - 3.34 1.9
Situational constraints—To support remote work, has your company offered you … (Scale 1. Yes, enough, 2. Yes, but not enough, 3. No, although I needed it, 4. No, and I did not need it) FP4 2.30 0.67 Situational constraints score = (FP4_1+ FP4_2+ FP4_3+ FP4_4+ FP4_5+ FP4_6+ FP4_7+ FP4_8)/8

Cronbach Alpha = 0.7899
Irrelevant
1. IT equipment needed to carry out your work-related activities (laptop/computer, headphones, keyboard, etc.) FP4_1 Yes, enough—55.8%
Yes, but not enough—18.8%
No, although I needed it—14.7%
No, and I did not need it—10.7%
2. Access to seminars/ courses for personal development (e.g., parenting courses, coaching) FP4_2 Yes, enough—29.8%
Yes, but not enough—20.2%
No, although I needed it—24.5%
No, and I did not need it—25.4%
3. Online team building sessions FP4_3 Yes, enough—23.6%
Yes, but not enough—16.8%
No, although I needed it—27.7%
No, and I did not need it—31.9%
4. Office furniture (desk, office chair) FP4_4 Yes, enough—19.4%
Yes, but not enough—8.7%
No, although I needed it—33.4%
No, and I did not need it—38.5%
5. Access to resources for professional development (workshops, courses, trainings) FP4_5 Yes, enough—33.3%
Yes, but not enough—21.5%
No, although I needed it—28.4%
No, and I did not need it—16.7%
6. Option to have semi-formal or informal discussions with your immediate superior to understand your needs FP4_6 Yes, enough—54.6%
Yes, but not enough—22.4%
No, although I needed it—12.5%
No, and I did not need it—10.5%
7. Reimbursement of certain maintenance costs you incur (Internet bill, electricity bill, etc.) FP4_7 Yes, enough—12.9%
Yes, but not enough—8.6%
No, although I needed it—56.0%
No, and I did not need it—22.5%
8. Access to the resources needed to carry out your work-related activities—documentation, virtual access to certain files FP4_8 Yes, enough—60.2%
Yes, but not enough—20.9%
No, although I needed it—12.5%
No, and I did not need it—6.4%
Performance review—Do you ever have performance evaluation meetings with your manager? JE1 Irrelevant
1. No, our workplace does not evaluate individual performance JE1_1 17.5%
2. Yes, once a year JE1_2 39.9%
3. Yes, two times a year JE1_3 20.2%
4. Yes, three-four times a year or more often JE1_4 22.4%
Satisfaction—To what extent when working from home do you find that…
(Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree)
SAT1 5.35 1.16 Satisfaction = (SAT1_2 + SAT1_4 + SAT1_6)/3

Cronbach Alpha = 0.7665
Irrelevant
2. You feel fairly well satisfied with your present job SAT1_2 - 5.62 1.3
4. You feel that you are happier in your work than most other people SAT1_4 - 5.13 1.5
6. You find real enjoyment in your work SAT1_6 - 5.30 1.5
Professional isolation—Think about the way you feel when working from home. To what extent do you agree that each of the following statements describes the way you feel when you work from home? (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = do not agree at all, 7 = totally agree) PWB1 2.50 1.02 Profesional isolation = PWB1_1 × 0.031 + PWB1_2 × 0.120 + PWBB1_3 × 0.089 + PWB1_4 × 0.109 + PWB1_5 × 0.264 + PWB1_6 × 0.045

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8830
Irrelevant
1. I feel left out on activities and meetings that could enhance my career PWB1_1 - 3.11 1.8
2. I miss out on opportunities to be mentored PWB1_2 - 3.92 1.9
3. I miss face-to-face contact with co-workers PWB1_3 - 4.67 1.9
4. I feel isolated PWB1_4 - 3.30 1.9
5. I miss the emotional support of co-workers PWB1_5 - 3.69 1.9
6. I miss informal interactions with others PWB1_6 - 4.88 1.8
Interdependence—To what extent the following statements fit the role/job you have in the company where you work. (Scale 1 to 7, where
1 = statement does not fit your situation at all, 7 = it fits perfectly).
FP2 3.58 1.53 Received interdependence score = FP2_1 × 0.041 + FP2_2 × 0.033 + FP2_3 × 0.044 + FP2_4 × 0.253 + FP2_5 × 0.325 + FP2_6 × 0.207

Cronbach Alpha = 0.8978

Initiated interdependence score = FP2_1 × 0.295 + FP2_2 × 0.239 + FP2_3 × 0.313 + FP2_4 × 0.039 + FP2_5 × 0.050 + FP2_6 × 0.032

Cronbach Alpha = 0.9103
Irrelevant
1. My job requires me to accomplish my work duties before others complete their job FP2_1 - 4.15 2.0
2. Other jobs depend directly on my job FP2_2 - 4.44 2.0
3. Unless my job gets done, other jobs cannot be completed FP2_3 - 3.91 2.0
4. My job activities are greatly affected by the work of other people FP2_4 - 3.91 1.9
5. My job depends on the work of many different people for its completion FP2_5 - 4.08 1.9
6. My job cannot be done unless others do their work FP2_6 - 3.64 2.0
Interaction between gender and children in household regardless age
Female and have children in household 21.35%
Men and have children in household 17.98%
* Based on results of Backward stepwise regression (Mean Variance Inflation Factor = 2.48).