TABLE 1.
Alteration of adult subventricular zone neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease.
| Decrease of adult subventricular zone neurogenesis in AD | ||||
| Animal models of AD | ||||
| Model | Method | Age (month) | Main findings | Reference |
| 3xTg mice | IHC | 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 | HH3, a marker of proliferating mitosis, immunoreactivity in SVZ of 3xTg mice was decreased from 3 to 12 months of age in comparison with age-matched control. | Rodriguez et al., 2009 |
| 3xTg mice | IHC | 11 and 18 | Ki-67+/Mash-1+ cells in SVZ of 3xTg mice were decreased compared with age-matched control. There was no significant differences in the number of Ki-67+ cells between 11 and 18 months old 3xTg mice, but a decreasing trend was observed. |
Hamilton et al., 2010 |
| 3xTg mice | IHC | 2 | Ki-67+ cells in SVZ of 3xTg mice were reduced than that of wild-type mice. No significant differences in DCX+ cells in SVZ of 3xTg mice compared with wild-type. |
Hamilton et al., 2015 |
| 5XFAD mice | IHC | 4 | DCX+ cells in SVZ of 5XFAD mice were decreased compared with control. | Park et al., 2016 |
| 5XFAD mice | IHC | 4 | Nestin+, Ki-67+, and DCX+ cells in SVZ of 5XFAD mice were significantly reduced than that of wild-type. | Liu et al., 2020 |
| APP mutant mice | IHC | 11 to 12 | BrdU+ cells in SVZ and cerebral cortex of APP mutant mice were significantly reduced compared with those in control. | Haughey et al., 2002 |
| Aβ-injected mice | IHC | 4 | BrdU+ cells in SVZ and cerebral cortex of the Aβ-injected hemisphere were decreased compared with contralateral cortices and vehicle-injected ipsilateral SVZ. | |
| Tg2576 mice | IHC | 1.5 | Sox2+-positive neural stem cells were decreased in the SVZ of Tg2576 mice than that of wild-type mice. BrdU+ cells were decreased in the recipient regions of SVZ neurogenesis in Tg2576 mice. |
Scopa et al., 2020 |
| APP/PS1 mice | IHC | 3 and 6 | EdU+ cells were decreased in neurospheres from APP/PS1 mice. DCX+ and NeuN+ cells were decreased in RMS of APP/PS1 mice. |
Esteve et al., 2022 |
| APP/PS1 mice | IHC | 2 | DCX+ and BrdU+ cells of SVZ were significantly decreased in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice compared with wild-type mice. | Demars et al., 2010 |
| hTau mice | IHC | 2, 6, and 12 | Ki-67+ cells in SVZ of hTau mice were reduced from 2 months of age. | Komuro et al., 2015 |
| ApoE4-KI mice | IHC | 6 to 7 | BrdU+ cells were decreased in the recipient region of SVZ neurogenesis in ApoE4-KI mice. | Li et al., 2009 |
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AD patients/AD patient-derived cell
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| Subjects | Method | Ages (year) | Main findings | Reference |
| AD patients | IHC | 82.50 ± 4.97 | NPCs of SVZ were decreased in AD patients compared with control. | Ziabreva et al., 2006 |
| MCI AD patients |
Multimodal MRI | MCI: 66.8 ± 6.0 AD: 68.7 ± 7.8 |
Region-specific increased mean diffusivity values in SVZ. | Cherubini et al., 2010 |
| AD patients | IHC | 81.2 ± 7.0 | Musashi-1+ cells decrease with progressing Braak stages in AD patients. | Perry et al., 2012 |
| Increase of adult subventricular zone neurogenesis in AD | ||||
| Animal models of AD | ||||
| PDGF-APP mice | IHC | 3 and 12 months | DCX+ cells in SVZ of PDGF-APP mice was not significantly changed at 3 months of age but increased at 12 months. | Jin et al., 2004 |
| AD patients/AD patient-derived cell | ||||
| AD patients | WST-1 assay | 86.9 ± 1.1 | NPCs of SVZ are increased in AD patients compared with the healthy group. | Mastroeni et al., 2016 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ, Amyloid beta; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; MCI, Mild cognitive impairment; NPCs, Neural progenitor cells; NSCs, Neural stem cells; WB, Western blot; BrdU, Bromodeoxyuridine; DCX, Doublecortin; PSA-NCAM, Polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule; EdU, 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine; RMS, Rostral migratory stream; OB, Olfactory bulb; HH3, histone H 3.