Table 2.
Association of short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with various angiographic findings, procedural characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes.
| Characteristics | Total | MACE | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| No | Yes | |||
| Total (N) | 1102 | 892 (80.9%) | 210 (19.1%) | - |
| Access for procedure | ||||
| Radial | 73% (804) | 78.1% (697) | 51% (107) | <0.001** |
| Femoral | 25.9% (285) | 20.4% (182) | 49% (103) | |
| Switchover | 1.2% (13) | 1.5% (13) | 0% (0) | |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 18.7 ± 6.6 | 17.7 ± 5.8 | 23 ± 8 <0.001 | |
| <20 mmHg | 57.2% (630) | 63.6% (567) | 30% (63) | <0.001 |
| ≥20 mmHg | 42.8% (472) | 36.4% (325) | 70% (147) | |
| LVEF (%) | 40.7 ± 9.1 | 42 ± 8.5 | 35.1 ± 9.2 <0.001 | |
| ≤30% | 18.3% (202) | 13.2% (118) | 40% (84) | <0.001 |
| 30–44% | 36.3% (400) | 36% (321) | 37.6% (79) | |
| ≥45% | 45.4% (500) | 50.8% (453) | 22.4% (47) | |
| IABP used | 4.7% (52) | 2.4% (21) | 14.8% (31) | <0.001 |
| Number of vessels involved | ||||
| Single vessel disease | 36.7% (404) | 38.6% (344) | 28.6% (60) | 0.001 |
| Two vessel disease | 32.8% (361) | 33.2% (296) | 31% (65) | |
| Three vessel disease | 30.6% (337) | 28.3% (252) | 40.5% (85) | |
| Recanalized vessel | 5.7% (63) | 6.2% (55) | 3.8% (8) | 0.186 |
| Culprit coronary artery | ||||
| Left main | 1.6% (18) | 0.8% (7) | 5.2% (11) | <0.001** |
| LAD: Proximal | 35.2% (388) | 32.3% (288) | 47.6% (100) | |
| LAD: Non-Proximal | 17.8% (196) | 19.6% (175) | 10% (21) | |
| Circumflex | 11.1% (122) | 11.7% (104) | 8.6% (18) | |
| Right coronary artery | 33.1% (365) | 34.4% (307) | 27.6% (58) | |
| Diagonal | 0.9% (10) | 0.9% (8) | 1% (2) | |
| Ramus | 0.3% (3) | 0.3% (3) | 0% (0) | |
| Pre-procedure TIMI flow | ||||
| 0 | 54.3% (598) | 49.8% (444) | 73.3% (154) | <0.001 |
| I | 18.7% (206) | 19.6% (175) | 14.8% (31) | |
| II | 17.1% (188) | 18.8% (168) | 9.5% (20) | |
| III | 10% (110) | 11.8% (105) | 2.4% (5) | |
| Thrombus Grade | ||||
| G1 | 4.6% (51) | 5.3% (47) | 1.9% (4) | <0.001 |
| G2 | 5.4% (59) | 6.5% (58) | 0.5% (1) | |
| G3 | 24.9% (274) | 27.6% (246) | 13.3% (28) | |
| G4 | 11.5% (127) | 11.5% (103) | 11.4% (24) | |
| G5 | 53.6% (591) | 49.1% (438) | 72.9% (153) | |
| Pre-balloon used | ||||
| Not done | 56.1% (618) | 58.6% (523) | 45.2% (95) | <0.001 |
| Dottering | 41.2% (454) | 39.5% (352) | 48.6% (102) | |
| Balloon done | 2.7% (30) | 1.9% (17) | 6.2% (13) | |
| Mean vessel diameter | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 0.636 |
| ≤3.5 mm | 31.7% (349) | 31.8% (284) | 31% (65) | 0.804 |
| >3.5 mm | 68.3% (753) | 68.2% (608) | 69% (145) | |
| Total lesion length | 27.6 ± 11.7 | 27.5 ± 11.4 | 28.1 ± 12.8 | 0.464 |
| ≥35 mm | 81.1% (894) | 81.5% (727) | 79.5% (167) | 0.510 |
| <35 mm | 18.9% (208) | 18.5% (165) | 20.5% (43) | |
| Post-procedure TIMI flow | ||||
| 0 | 0.8% (9) | 0.4% (4) | 2.4% (5) | <0.001** |
| I | 2.3% (25) | 1.2% (11) | 6.7% (14) | |
| II | 7.7% (85) | 5.4% (48) | 17.6% (37) | |
| III | 89.2% (983) | 92.9% (829) | 73.3% (154) | |
| Peri-procedure complications and in-hospital outcomes | ||||
| Slow flow/no-reflow | 24.1% (266) | 19.1% (170) | 45.7% (96) | <0.001 |
| Access site complications | 0.5% (6) | 0.7% (6) | 0% (0) | 0.602^ |
| Bleeding | 0.9% (10) | 0.4% (4) | 2.9% (6) | 0.005^ |
| Arrhythmias | 4.3% (47) | 1.9% (17) | 14.3% (30) | <0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 3.6% (40) | 1.6% (14) | 12.4% (26) | <0.001 |
| Stent Thrombosis | 2.2% (24) | 0.1% (1) | 11% (23) | <0.001^ |
| CIN | 9.5% (105) | 7.7% (69) | 17.1% (36) | <0.001 |
| CVA/TIA | 0.4% (4) | 0% (0) | 1.9% (4) | <0.001^ |
| In-hospital death | 4.4% (49) | 0% (0) | 23.3% (49) | <0.001^ |
MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events, LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump, LAD = left anterior descending artery, TIMI = thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, CIN = contrast induce nephropathy, CVA = cerebrovascular accident, TIA = transient ischemic attack.
**
Likelihood Ratio test,
^
Fisher’s Exact test.