Table 2.
Paired t-Test Analysis of Sex Representation in Mixed-Sex Studies by Specialty
| Medical specialty | Number of studies included | Mean (SD) percentage inclusion of females | Females 95% confidence interval | Mean (SD) percentage inclusion of males | Males 95% confidence interval | t-Test score | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory | 4 | 44.39 (17.88) | 15.94 to 72.83 | 55.61 (17.88) | 27.16 to 84.06 | −0.63 | 0.57 |
| Cardiology | 4 | 29.68 (6.88) | 18.73 to 40.61 | 70.32 (6.88) | 59.38 to 81.27 | −5.91 | 0.01 |
| Psychiatry | 22 | 57.43 (23.04) | 47.46 to 67.39 | 37.79 (21.08) | 28.67 to 46.90 | 2.42 | 0.02 |
| Pain | 4 | 57.1 (8.40) | 43.73 to 70.47 | 42.9 (8.40) | 29.53 to 56.27 | 1.69 | 0.19 |
| Orthopedics | 4 | 68.90 (3.64) | 63.11 to 74.69 | 31.08 (3.62) | 25.31 to 36.83 | 10.42 | 0.00 |
| Oncology | 8 | 32.91 (21.65) | 17.42 to 48.39 | 57.09 (27.15) | 37.67 to 76.51 | −2.04 | 0.07 |
| Ophthalmology | 2 | 61.75 (16.62) | −87.55 to 211.05 | 38.25 (16.62) | −111.05 to 187.55 | 1.00 | 0.5 |
| Neurology | 4 | 46.88 (7.55) | 34.85 to 58.90 | 45.13 (7.55) | 41.10 to 65.15 | −0.82 | 0.47 |
| Gastroenterology | 2 | 39 (7.07) | −24.53 to 102.53 | 61 (7.07) | −2.53 to 124.531 | −2.20 | 0.27 |
| Endocrinology | 2 | 49.35 (34.43) | −260.04 to 358.75 | 50.65 (34.43) | −258.74 to 360.05 | −0.03 | 0.98 |
| Care of the elderly | 5 | 65.1 (8.92) | 54.03 to 76.17 | 34.9 (8.92) | 23.83 to 45.97 | 3.7 | 0.02 |
| Nephrology | 2 | 41.10 (4.10) | 4.25 to 77.95 | 63.90 (2.97) | 37.21 to 90.58 | −28.50 | 0.02 |
| Overall | 63 | 48.07 (23.36) | 42.83 to 53.30 | 51.68 (33.64) | 36.76 to 46.59 | 1.69 | 0.09 |
Bold text indicates a significant p value.
SD, standard deviation.