Table 3.

Multivariate Analyses of Factors Associated with DR in Subgroup According to HbA1c Level

Variable	Adjust-Model
	OR (95% CI)	P value
HbA1c<7.0%
BMI<25 kg/m2	Ref
BMI≥25 kg/m2	1.28 (0.75, 2.16)	0.36
Urban region	Ref
Rural region	12.53 (4.65, 33.75)	<0.001
Not treating with insulin	Ref
Treating with insulin	2.34 (1.37, 3.98)	0.002
No other diabetic complication	Ref
Presence of other diabetic complication	1.36 (0.77, 2.39)	0.34
Duration<5 years	Ref
5 ≤ Duration < 10 years	1.31 (0.66, 2.60)	0.45
10 ≤ Duration <15 years	2.98 (1.46, 6.06)	0.003
15 ≤ Duration < 20 years	1.20 (0.40, 3.61)	0.75
Duration ≥ 20 years	2.58 (0.92, 7.22)	0.07
HbA1c ≥ 7.0%
BMI < 25 kg/m2	Ref
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	0.76 (0.59, 0.99)	0.04
Urban region	Ref
Rural region	3.49 (1.53, 7.96)	0.003
Not treating with insulin	Ref
Insulin treatment	1.47 (1.13, 1.91)	0.004
No other diabetic complication	Ref
Presence of other diabetic complication	2.19 (1.66, 2.88)	<0.001
Duration < 5 years	Ref
5 ≤ Duration < 10 years	1.45 (1.03, 2.05)	0.32
10 ≤ Duration < 15 years	2.05 (1.43, 2.94)	<0.001
15 ≤ Duration < 20 years	1.89 (1.19, 2.98)	0.007
Duration ≥ 20 years	1.63 (0.97, 2.74)	0.063

Notes: Adjust-Model: adjustment for gender, age, SBP, TG, HDL, BMI (<25kg/m², ≥25kg/m²), duration of diabetes (less than 5 years, 5–10 years, 10–15 years, 15–20 years and more than 20 years), insulin treatment (insulin treatment alone or combine with oral drugs, not treating with insulin), history of hypertension, presence of other diabetic complication (yes, no), region (rural, urban).