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. 2022 Jun 26;21(20):2179–2191. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092166

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Higher substance P/NK1R levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bronchial asthma. (a): ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of substance P in the plasma. (b): The expression of NK1R mRNA of bronchial asthma patients and normal control subjects. (c): The protein expression of NK1R of bronchial asthma patients and normal control subjects was detected by Western blot. “B1”, “B2”, “B3” represented “bronchial asthma patients 1, 2, or 3”, “N1”, “N2”, “N3” represented “normal control 1, 2, or 3”. (d-i): The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-1β, in plasma of patients with bronchial asthma was measured by ELISA (Left), The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-1β) in PBMC of bronchial asthma patients and normal control subjects was measured by RT-qPCR (Right). (j-o): Correlation analysis between SP and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-2, IL-5, IL-18 and IL-1β) in plasma of patients of bronchial asthma was performed using Pearson correlation test. “BA” represented “bronchial asthma”, “NC” represented “normal control”. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.