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. 2022 Mar 9;16(1):71–80. doi: 10.14444/8179

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of included studies.

Authors Design Sample, n Age, y, mean ± SD Female, % BMI Baseline ODI, mean ± SD Last Follow-up, mo NOS
Austevoll 20202 Multicenter prospective cohort (PSM) 570 64.7 ± 9.5 72.5 26.9 ± 4.5 41.1 ± 14.9 12 8
Chan 20194 Multicenter prospective cohort 426 62.5 ± 11.5 59.2 30.5 ± 6.5 47.7 ± 16.9 12 7
Försth 201316 Multicenter prospective cohort 1306 69.4 ± 29.6 65.7 NR 44.4 ± 15.8 25 6
Försth 20166 Multicenter RCT 135 67.5 ± 7.0 79.2 NR 41.0 ± 13.5 24 RoBa
Ghogawala 20047 Multicenter prospective cohort 34 68.8 ± 8.0 68.0 NR 41.2 12 6
Ghogawala 20168 Multicenter RCT 66 66.6 ± 7.6 80.3 NR 37.5 ± 15.5 48 (24 for analysis) RoBa
Inose 20183 Multicenter RCT 60 62.3 ± 7.7 53.3 NR NR 60 RoBa
Kim 20189 Prospective cohort 129 66.1 ± 8.9 77.5 21.4 ± 5.2 NR 24 7
Kleinstueck 201110 Prospective cohort 213 68.9 ± 9.3 72.7 NR NR 12 7
Matsudaira 200511 Retrospective cohort 39 67.5 ± 6.9 59.5 NR NR 24 7
Park 201212 Retrospective cohort 45 64.3 ± 19.6 82.2 25.8 ± 4.7 26.9 ± 5.6 63 7
Sigmundsson 201513 Retrospective cohort 839 70.3 ± 9.5 76.9 NR 44.9 ± 14.8 36 6
Ulrich 201715 Retrospective cohort 131 72.3 ± 8.4 58.0 NR NR 36 7

aSee Figure 5A.

BMI, body mass index; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; NR, not reported; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PSM, propensity-score matching; RoB, Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.