Table 3.

Comparison of clinical results over time between the 2 groups.

Clinical Scores	FLUO MIS-TLIF	NAV MIS-TLIF	P Value
	Mean ± SE	Mean ± SE
VAS of back score
Pre-OP	6.48 ± 0.43	7.14 ± 0.45	0.312
1 mo	1.13 ± 0.23	0.78 ± 0.26	0.325
3 mo	0.72 ± 0.2	0.48 ± 0.22	0.454
6 mo	0.83 ± 0.25	0.43 ± 0.23	0.361
1 y	0.63 ± 0.2	0.11 ± 0.11	0.025a
VAS leg score
Pre-OP	6.9 ± 0.38	7.56 ± 0.39	0.261
1 mo	1.32 ± 0.27	1.14 ± 0.23	0.649
3 mo	1.11 ± 0.29	0.58 ± 0.21	0.143
6 mo	1.07 ± 0.29	0.13 ± 0.12	< 0.001a
1 y	0.78 ± 0.26	0.11 ± 0.11	0.019a
ODI
Pre-OP	49.07 ± 2.06	53.83 ± 1.91	0.123
1 mo	11.86 ± 1.74	11.69 ± 1.89	0.949
3 mo	8.26 ± 2	4.39 ± 1.73	0.200
6 mo	6.86 ± 1.86	0.67 ± 0.67	0.003a
1 y	5.21 ± 1.69	0.49 ± 0.49	0.009a
Satisfaction score
1 mo	8.81 ± 0.23	9.31 ± 0.14	0.068
3 mo	8.82 ± 0.23	9.42 ± 0.16	0.081
6 mo	8.93 ± 0.23	9.35 ± 0.15	0.302
1 y	9.16 ± 0.18	9.39 ± 0.16	0.495

aStatistically significant (P < 0.05).

FLUO, fluoroscopic-guided; MIS-TILF, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; NAV, 3-dimensional computer navigation.