Table 1. Linear mixed models (LMM) of experimental and numerical simulation data.

Parameters showing effects of angle, pinnae, frequency, tympanum, angle × pinnae and pinnae × frequency for time domain data (experimental time and displacement) and sound pressure (numerical simulations and 3D print models). Experimental models n = 13 ears. Numerical model n = 17 ears. 3D model n = 4 ears.

Model	Parameter	F	p
Experimental Time Domain	Angle (polynomial)	5.35	0.005
	Pinnae (Y/N)	254.60	<0.001
	Frequency	2097.26	<0.001
	Tympanum	5.07	0.024
	Angle × Pinnae	4.47	0.012
	Pinnae × Frequency	31.93	<0.001
Experimental Displacement	Angle (polynomial)	3.29	0.037
	Pinnae (Y/N)	0.90	0.344
	Frequency	270.57	<0.001
	Tympanum	17.32	<0.001
	Angle × Pinnae	4.89	0.008
	Pinnae × Frequency	5.41	0.004
Numerical Sound Pressure	Angle (polynomial)	0.72	0.489
	Pinnae (Y/N)	336.55	<0.001
	Frequency	69.29	<0.001
	Tympanum	0.02	0.879
	Angle × Pinnae	1.31	0.271
	Pinnae × Frequency	761.46	<0.001
3D Model Sound Pressure	Pinnae (Y/N)	1175.9	<0.001
	Frequency	314.58	<0.001
	Tympanum	0.01	0.9111
	Pinnae × Frequency	296.70	<0.001