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. 2022 Sep 28;2022(9):CD012020. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012020.pub3

Comparison 1. Exercise versus no exercise.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Risk of developing a postoperative pulmonary complication 9 573 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.45 [0.33, 0.61]
1.1.1 Duration of intervention: ≤ 2 weeks 6 379 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.39 [0.25, 0.62]
1.1.2 Duration of intervention: > 2 weeks 3 194 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.51 [0.35, 0.76]
1.2 Number of days participants needed an intercostal catheter following surgery 3 111 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.07 [‐4.64, 0.49]
1.3 Postoperative length of hospital stay (days) 9 573 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.24 [‐3.64, ‐0.85]
1.4 Postintervention (preoperative) dyspnoea (BORG scale) 2 141 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.53 [‐1.22, 0.15]
1.5 Postintervention (preoperative) exercise capacity (6‐minute walk distance in m) 6 474 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 29.55 [12.05, 47.04]
1.6 Postintervention (preoperative) exercise capacity (VO2peak in mL/kg/minute) 2 191 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.36 [2.70, 4.02]
1.7 Postoperative exercise capacity (6‐minute walk distance in m) 2 95 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 37.77 [‐10.30, 85.84]
1.8 Postintervention (preoperative) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted) 4 197 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 5.87 [4.46, 7.28]
1.9 Postintervention (preoperative) forced vital capacity (% predicted) 3 157 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 5.42 [0.73, 10.11]
1.10 Postintervention (preoperative) peak expiratory flow (L/minute) 3 234 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 21.52 [‐7.11, 50.16]