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. 2022 Sep 28;2022(9):CD012020. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012020.pub3

Pehlivan 2011.

Study characteristics
Methods Randomised controlled trial
Setting: not described. Study undertaken in Turkey
Study duration: January 2007 to August 2008. Exercise training: 1 week before lung resection until hospital discharge
Participants 60 participants (mean age: control group: 55 (SD 8) years; exercise group: 54 (SD 9) years, with NSCLC (stages I–IIIB), referred for lung resection
Interventions Control (30 participants): usual care with no formal preoperative exercise training.
Exercise (30 participants): intensive physical therapy (chest physiotherapy and walking exercise). Chest physiotherapy consisted of diaphragmatic, pursed lip, segmental breathing exercise, usage of incentive spirometry and coughing exercise. Walking exercise performed on a treadmill 3 times a day, according to the participant's tolerance to exercise speed and time.
Postoperatively: routine physical therapy performed until discharge in both groups.
Outcomes Postintervention

  1. Lung function

  2. Arterial blood gases


Postoperatively

  1. Length of hospital stay

  2. Postoperative complications

  3. Mortality
Notes  
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) High risk Comment: different quotes in 2 parts of the paper. Both methods described were at high risk of failure.
Quotes: "… randomly allocated (according to hospital record number) to control or study group"; "Allocation was based on hospital record number".
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Comment: insufficient information to permit judgement.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes High risk Comment: no blinding of participants and personnel.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Comment: insufficient information to permit judgement.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Comment: insufficient information to permit judgement.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Comment: insufficient information to permit judgement.
Other bias Low risk Comment: study appeared free of other sources of bias.