. 2022 Sep 29;150:104283. doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104283

Table 1.

Transmission equation (IV) conditioned on different definitions of population density.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Full sample				1st month after first 10 cases
${Δ I n f e c t i o u s}_{o t}$	1.19***	1.34***	1.24***	1.27***	1.29***	1.09***	1.21***	1.08***
	(0.08)	(0.29)	(0.16)	(0.28)	(0.07)	(0.14)	(0.11)	(0.12)
log density		−0.02				0.03**
X $Δ I n f e c t i o u s_{o t}$		(0.05)				(0.01)
ln density		−2.01**				−1.37***
		(0.87)				(0.45)
log built density			−0.01				0.02*
X $Δ I n f e c t i o u s_{o t}$			(0.03)				(0.01)
log built density			−1.34**				−0.90***
			(0.62)				(0.30)
log house density				−0.01				0.03***
X $Δ I n f e c t i o u s_{o t}$				(0.05)				(0.01)
log house density				−2.13**				−1.41***
				(0.98)				(0.45)

Observations	583,301	583,301	577,393	582,656	87,146	87,146	86,449	87,056
State-day fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kleibergen Paap F	146.5	72.28	19.31	37.97	132.5	63.39	48.74	60.44
Hansen J	1.329	3.190	3.202	3.823	3.520	3.579	3.634	3.591
p-value	0.249	0.203	0.202	0.148	0.0606	0.167	0.162	0.166

Notes. *** $p$ $<$ 0.01, ** $p$ $<$ 0.05, * $p$ $<$ 0.1. The dependent variable is the county-day level of cases. Estimated in first differences. Twoway (county and day) clustered standard errors in parentheses. $Δ I n f e c t i o u s_{o t}$ is the 6-day lagged 5-day average number of infected, weighted for each destination county with the origin-normalized commuting flows, multiplied with the origin population.